Analysis Eagle Ford Shale - 2774 Words

Eagle Ford Shale Play Introduction The Eagle Ford shale formation in south Texas has recently become the focus of many oil industry operators searching for new sources of hydrocarbons by using the latest technology in previously unexplored areas. This exploration enhances the development of even more advanced techniques as issues are identified and problems solved to address the unique properties of the formation and the surrounding surface environment. Even though a formation may be comprised of a single sedimentary layer from a similar geological time frame it is not a homogeneous block and has many features and anomalies that effect the pressure, permeability, type of hydrocarbons trapped and methods required to extract them. To understand these properties one must understand that shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay placing it in the mudstone category of rocks [1]. Shale is different from other rocks in this category because it has a fissile structure and is lami nated. The black shale in the Eagle Ford formation (Fig 1.) has a special property such that it contained organic material when it was deposited and during compaction over a millennium, the organic materials were converted into trapped oil and gas hydrocarbon deposits. This oil and gas are very difficult to remove because it is trapped within tiny pore spaces and or adsorbed onto clay mineral particles that makeup the shale. The Eagle Ford Shale is aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Eagle Ford Shale Play2337 Words   |  10 PagesEagle Ford Shale Play Introduction Since the beginning of the oilfield in the United States, Texas has been one of the leading states in this industry. In 1866, Lyne T. Barret drilled the first producing oil well at Melrose in Nacogdoches County [7]. From here, more wells were brought in, but the big Texas oil revolution began at a well-called Lucas No. 1. It was here, In Spindle top, Beaumont, where Capt. Anthony F. Lucas drilled the well that would produce 94 percent of the state’s productionRead MoreFracking : A Reliable Energy Solution1386 Words   |  6 Pagesis called shale. Shale is a sedimentary rock that forms when silt and clay-size mineral particles are compacted. We commonly call it mud and it is in a category of sedimentary rock known as mudstone. Shale is fissile and laminated. Laminated means it has many thin layers. Fissile means that the rock easily splits into thin pieces. Shale is found in many colors but those that are very dark or black contain oil and gas. Conventional drillers lo ok for pools of oil and gas above shale rock. â€Å"TheRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing And Natural Gas1264 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic fracturing, or â€Å"fracking† is a drilling process that allows access to unconventional oil and natural gas reserves that would otherwise be inaccessible. Limestone, sandstone and shale far below the ground contain natural gas. This gas is formed as dead organisms in the rocks are decomposed. We can capture this gas at the surface when the rocks that contain the gas are drilled. To increase the flow of released gas, drillers use pressurized water to break the rocks apart, â€Å"fracturing† themRead MoreExternal/Industry Analysis: Workforce Housing in the Oil and Gas Industry2115 Words   |  9 PagesINDUSTRY ANALYSIS 1 External/Industry Analysis: Workforce Housing in the Oil and Gas Industry Steve McKeon Westminster College INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 2 Introduction The external analysis is designed to help companies identify specific trends and events that may have an impact on their business. This concept is not difficult to understand, but many companies have fallen victim to their own complacency. This is why the external analysis is so important and must be evaluated on a regularRead MoreOil And Gas Industry : The United States Government Restricted The Export Of Domestically Produced Crude Oil1385 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent trend of independent EP companies shifting their projects towards North American shale plays would be accelerated, as the economics would become too attractive in comparison to competing for international projects (Grande 2014). A large part of why the domestic supply has rocketed recently is because of the output from shale plays, primarily the Bakken in North Dakota and the Eagle Ford in Texas. Shale fields typically produce lighter oil, which leads into another point. There is a mismatchRead MoreSources Of Oil And Gas Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pagesfor alternative resources of energy. In a volatile oil price movement, unconventional resources are viewed as important and economically attractive for future continuous supply. The impact of US shale gas success has been felt throughout the world. India is known to have good amount of recoverable Shale gas reserves, and if these are commercially and economically produced, it could revolutionize the energy market. It may also provide energy security to India. India is the fourth largest consumerRead MoreCalifornia, California And Texas1078 Words   |  5 PagesCalifornia’s growth (Thomas, 2012). These two states are alike in many ways; both have diverse populations with lots of immigrants, plenty of natural resources, long coastlines, and a border with Mexico. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S. real Gross Domestic Production (GDP) by state increased 1.5 percent in 2011. Texas had the largest real GDP growth with a 3.3 percent increase. Table 2 illustrates the population, unemployment rate, state GDP, real GDP, and GDP per capitaRead MoreCapabilities Of Natural Gas Fracking2222 Words   |  9 Pageshave also been able to do onsite treatment preventing the need for transportation thus aiding the environment. The waste that is processed leaves water that can be used by the public and the waste that can’t be used is used as a filler for other deep shale deposits to prevent contamination. One problem with fracking back then in the 1900’s was that pipes were inefficient with sealing gas leaks which led to environmental contamination. Nowad ays pipelines are stronger and have sensors and cameras to senseRead MoreEvaluating The Economic Impacts Of Pipeline Useage On The Texas10470 Words   |  42 Pagesthat it results in overall cost reduction of oil per barrel. This research introduces a Multi-Objective Linear Programming (LP) Model that represents Texas such that it clusters the oil refineries in a particular area as one and then uses the Pareto Analysis to identify the oil producing districts that contribute to almost 70% of total oil production in Texas with respect to the tradeoffs between the different proportions of pipeline being used from each oil producing districts and supply chain costsRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

The Bible The God Of Creation - 1013 Words

The biblical metanarrative touches the storyline of the main book, the Bible, from the beginning from Genesis to the end of Revelation. Throughout the bible there are many stories that have a message and come across to Christians that relate to their life. The bible is one book with many events that tells one big story. There are five acts of the biblical metanarrative consists of which are, Act I: The God of Creation, Act II: Sin Enters the World, Act III: God Covenants with Israel, Act IV: Jesus and the New Covenant, and Act V: The Fellowship of believers. Each of these Acts have stories about the life of Jesus that has a meaning Christians relate to. Act I: The God of Creation is the beginning of the biblical metanarrative where it talks about God is one and only in the book of Genesis. God is the creator of things which makes him sovereign over all things. Throughout the whole book of Genesis it speaks about the powerful God created the world and everything about it. This act relates to Christian worldview because everyone and everything were created for a reason and we should all cherish it. With that leading into Act II: Sin Enters the World, God created humanity in his kingdom with the story of Adam and Eve. Basically this story of Adam and Eve the first people of God’s creation rejected his authority by eating the interesting apple from the tree. The reason of their choices was with the help of Satan, Gods adversary. After this occurred the concept of sinShow MoreRelatedThe Two Accounts Of Creation1714 Words   |  7 PagesAccounts of Creation in Genesis When God began to create heaven and earth, and the earth then was welter and waste and darkness over the deep and God s breath hovering er the waters, God said, Let there be light(The Hebrew Bible 94). This is how readers have always started out studying the Bible. Little did they know there was an entirely different account of creation just a little ways down from the first account they see in Genesis. So, is there really two different accounts of God creating theRead MoreEnuma Elish Vs Genesis1352 Words   |  6 Pagesare multiple debates and arguments concerning the creation story of both mankind and the universe from the Bible and the Babylonian creation poem the Enuma Elish. There is a debate on whether the two accounts have similarities or one of them borrowed its content from the other. Enuma Elish is a great Assyrian poem which narrates the story of the creation of the world and man. The poem contains what the old empires believed concerning the creation of the universe. Thi s Babylonian and Assyrian poemRead MoreChristianity And The Nature Of God1420 Words   |  6 Pagesand the nature of God, one must have a foundation to rely upon. Both theology and our epistemological queries concerning God must be crafted from a source. Michael Bird in his Evangelical Theology notes that the prolegomena or things we say before saying anything about God must be predicated upon a critical source. This source is God’s Word and is revealed in multiple ways. If one is to conduct a Credo or apologetic stance of his Christian faith, this person ought to explain how God reveals GodselfRead MoreThe Bible Is The World s Most Widely Read Book1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bible is the world’s most widely read book. It contains multiple holy books that reveal who God is and account for His many works for humankind. These books describe the story of God from creation, to the fall, to redemption, and lastly to the new creation known as revelation. The big picture of the Bible is to tell the story of God’s works from creation of the world, which was Genesis, to the end, which is revelation. It is important to familiarize oneself with these passages and texts becauseRead MoreThe Bible And Ecology Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesnature as a take as needed relationship where God’s creations are present for our survival. It can be hard to blame them when their evidence comes from the Bible but the problem isn’t the Bible, the way it’s being read is. Bauckham’s, author of â€Å"The Bible and Ecology†, approach to the interpretation and reading of the Bible can change the way Christians view their relationship with nature and the false dominion they feel they have over God’s creations. Humans must recognize the significance nature hasRead MoreCreation Theories Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesWithout the bible humans would not be able to depict different theories of creation. The Old and New Testamen t are not considered in many people, but it is known by all. Theories that have affected different religions are creation, evolution, and mythology. With 6,775,235,700 people walking the earth, every person has his/her personal opinions about the world’s existence. In the book of Genesis, Christian Scholars have described the work of God in his seven days of constructing the world. WatersRead MoreFrankenstein as an Inverse Creation Story1517 Words   |  7 PagesTamara Rosendall Mr. VanderKolk AP Literature 19 April 2013 Who is God: The Creator or the Created? Many find the popular TV show, Toddlers in Tiaras, to be entertaining. Some like the show for the drama while some like watching it to see all the little girls dressed up in frilly dresses and costumes. However, when analyzing the content of the show, one may see that the parents aren’t really the ones in charge—their prima donna daughter is. The reversed order of authority also plays a partRead MoreThe Bible By Richard Friedman Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pages When studying the Bible, one encounters different details from seemingly identical narratives and passages. These narratives and passages are called doublets. In biblical scholar, Richard Friedman’s book Who Wrote the Bible?, he states that a â€Å"doublet is a case of the same story being told twice† with variations in specific details (22). Some examples of doublets in the Bible are two different stories of creation, the covenant between God and Abraham, Joseph sold into slavery and more. The do ubletRead More Evolution and Creation Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pages Evolution vs. Creation How was the earth created? There are several different answers to this question. One is from a religious viewpoint and stems from the Bible. Another comes from the world of science and is based on evidence that has surfaced over the last century. The theory of evolution comes into direct conflict with another theory that has been around for thousands of years, the theory of creation. The theory of evolution claims that humans have evolved over thousands of years from apesRead MoreThe Bible Presents A Text Record Of God870 Words   |  4 PagesBenchmark Assignment: Gospel Essentials The Bible presents a text record of God’s work which is central and important to the Christian faith. This work begins with Creation of all with the familiar line,† In the beginning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in the Book of Genesis. Christians believe in the deity of Jesus Christ, The Resurrection of Christ, and the Holy Trinity. The Holy Trinity consisting of God in three persons: God the Father, Jesus the Son of God and the Holy Spirit. These three aspects combined are first-order

Food Hygeine Free Essays

4. 3 Describe basic food safety when providing food and drink to children and young people The Prevention of Food Poisoning Store food safely Keep food cold, the fridge should be kept as cold as possible without freezing the food ( 1-5 . c or 34-41. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Hygeine or any similar topic only for you Order Now c) Freezers should be kept at -18 or below Cover or wrap food with food wrap of microwave cling film Never refreeze food Do not use food that is past the sell-by date Always read instructions on food packaging when storing food Once a tin is open store in a covered pot Store raw foods at the bottom of the fridge in case of any dripping onto cooked food Always wash hands in warm soapy water and dry thoroughly before handling food Wear clean protective clothing when in the kitchen Keep food covered at all times Wash all fruit and vegetables before use Never cough or sneeze over food Always cover cuts with a blue plaster Keep work surfaces and chopping boards clean use different coloured chopping boards for raw meat raw fish fruit and vegetables Make sure that meat is cooked through before serving Avoid raw eggs as you could get salmonella When reheating food make sure it is hot all the way through the dish to kill any germs Keeping the Kitchen Safe Teach the children to wash their hands before eating or preparing food and after they have used the toilet Keep it clean to avoid flies and other insects in the kitchen Stay away from the kitchen if you have sickness or diarrhoea Keep the kitchen clean: Clean work surfaces, the floor, utensils, sink, cloths and rubbish bins Tea towels and wash cloths should be kept clean and washed regularly Keep all rubbish bins covered and empty them regularly Keep sharp knives and scissors stored safely where the children cannot reach them Good Food Hygiene When serving, preparing and clearing away food after meals and snacks you should observe the rules of food hygiene. 1. Wash hands with warm soapy water and dry them thoroughly 2. Wear clean protective clothing 3. Ensure any washing up is done with hot water and washing up liquid and wear rubber gloves. If possible put the washing up in a dish washer. 4. Tea towels should be washed regularly and clean ones should be used daily. 5. Never cough or sneeze over food or drink Wearing Aprons Wearing aprons helps to protect clothing and to stop the spread of germs Hand Washing Chopping Boards Using different coloured chopping boards helps to prevent cross – infection when preparing food. How to cite Food Hygeine, Essays

Sustainable Development Goal Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write an Essay on Sustainable Development Goal. Answer: Maternal mortality rate (MMR) is an important health issue and one of the measures of womens health. It is an indicative of a countrys healthcare system functioning and performance. Several international conferences have tried to include the goal of reduction of the maternal mortality rate across the world. However, the monitoring of the progress is difficult in this context and plans for the development. It is difficult in developing countries like Middle East and North Africa where there is weak healthcare systems and poor health information (Kassebaum et al., 2014). Maternal mortality rate in Middle East and North Africa has declined significantly from 1990 to 2015. It has declined by around two-thirds over the years. The country is working towards the achievement of the target 1 of sustainable development goal (SDG) 3 to reduce the maternal mortality rate ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. The MMR rate per 100, 000 live births has halved since 1990 to 2015 from 166 to 81 and the proportion of mothers who die during childbirth have reduced significantly (Wang et al., 2014). There is improvement of women reproductive health that not only provides benefit to the family and the children, but, also helps in the progress of the countrys economic and social development. Therefore, in this essay, I will demonstrate that Middle East and North Africa is likely to achieve a reduction in maternal mortality to less than 70 per 100,000 live births because the MMR have significantly decreased from 166 to 81 from 1990 to 2015. Under the SDG 3 Good Health and Well Being, the challenge is to ensure health lives and works to promote the well-being among all the people at all ages. Its main aim is to increase the life expectancy and reduce the common health issues that are associated with the maternal mortality rate and child (Ordunez Campbell, 2016). Poor health status constitutes the deprivation and suffering that have a detrimental effect on the well-being of the people. Under the Goal 3.1 of SDG, the United Nations target to tackle health inequality formed on an international health agenda. Under this goal of 3.1, it is aimed at reducing the maternal mortality rate to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030 globally. Globally, the MMR has significantly declined to 2.3 % between the years 1990 to 2015 (Kuruvilla et al., 2016). This statistics pave a way to possibility to accelerate the reduction of MMR and eventually, the countries are working towards a new target to reduce the MMR even further. Women in developing countries have a lifetime death risk due to pregnancy that leads to death due to severe complications like bleeding and infections after childbirth, delivery complications and unsafe abortion. The women who give birth below the age of 15 are likely to face childbirth related complications and are at a greater risk of death from the pregnancy. Though the health care facilities have improved in Middle East and North Africa, the percentage of skilled attendants due the delivery is less and poor access to health treatments for the life-threatening conditions that occur during pregnancy. However, MMR have reduced more than 90%, still, there is more scope for development and progress towards this goal. Arguably, according to Say et al., (2014) Middle East and North Africa have made impressive progress; however, the progress is slow in reducing the MMR and in the achievement of the target. Therefore, through the Goal 3, Middle East and North Africa and international comm unity, SDG have committed to make the global effort to strengthen the healthcare system, treatment facilities, eradicate disease and address the major health issues. It also calls to reduce the MMR rates to below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030 by putting an end to preventable deaths of the newborns and mothers (Murray et al., 2014). Middle East and North Africa (MENA) had undergone many historical changes that led to the high MMR in the country. The economic issues and bombarding population in the past have led to the increase in the MMR in the current scenario. The country suffered an economic crisis in the past thirty years. Despite of undertaking of many economic reforms by the country, there is weak performance in terms of growth that links to the poor healthcare systems, employment generation and global economy to ensure health equity among the public (Ncube, Anyanwu Hausken, 2014). Historically, the country was greatly dependent on the oil wealth and then during the year 1970, MENA region failed to generate sustained and high growth rate and unable to reap the benefits of world economic integration and globalization. Moreover, the country suffered high record of unemployment that led to the decrease in the working population in the labour force. However, the country was successful in stabilizing the macro economy in the country. In addition, due to economic instability, there is a low level of gynaecological and obstetric expenditure that provides high quality healthcare facilities to the mothers (Pfstl Kymlicka, 2015). Another issue is the bombarding of the population, although there is decrease in fertility rates over the years since 1990. The economic dependency and demographic challenge leads to a large number of uneducated, unhealthy and unabsorbed people in the labour market. The country is also suffering brain drain and that have large implications on the ratio of economically inactive to active population and low level of women participation (Karam Afiouni, 2014). This leads to decrease in skilled healthcare workers required for providing proper treatment to the mothers and newborns during pregnancy. However, the country is working towards the reduction of MMR that has significantly decreased to 166 to 81 from 1990 to 2015. There are cultural factors that also led to the increase in the MMR. There is a lot of gender inequality in terms of low female literacy linked to maternal mortality rates. However, the country has made progress to reduce the gender gap between the girls and boys in the human development. The men are more likely to attend university and perceive education as compared to women in the country. The young women are vulnerable to unemployment and education and so they are prone to early marriages. The early marriage in the girls before the age of 15 years drastically affect the health and make them susceptible to pregnancy related complications and deaths contributing to an increase in MMRs (Al-Akra, Abdel-Qader Billah, 2016). The health problems prior to pregnancy and obstetric complications pose an implication on the decision-making of the people with respect to preservation of well-being among the women. Literacy is important among the women to address the pregnancy related complicati ons and yield a sustainable reduction in maternal mortality rates (Guazzone, 2016). Peoples attitude towards biomedicine has not yet developed to significant figures. The people of MENA region have a different understanding of the diseases and their causes that affect the healthcare system of the country. There is complexity in the society that is leading to the understanding of the people towards their health. The biomedicine and care is greatly influenced by culture in MENA region and require extensive out-reach to the people through enlightment and communication to reduce the burden of diseases and MMRs (Siddiqi et al., 2016). The structural and behavioural factors like the improvement in medical care, successful family planning, nutrition and changes in the attitude related to fertility rates are some of the factors that influence the quality of life and longevity of the women showing high MMRs. There is unequal access to healthcare facilities in terms of obstetrics and gynaecological facilities. The maternal nutrition during pregnancy determines the health of the mother prior to delivery (Hennekam, Tahssain?Gay Syed, 2017). The successful family planning has also direct implication on the health of the women as early marriage give rise to serious health complications during pregnancy leading to increase in MMR (Gatti et al., 2014). The above discussion shows that there was a high prevalence of increased MMR in the MENA region, however, the country is significantly trying to achieve the SDG Goal 3 to reduce the MMR to 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Although, the country has faced many historical, cultural and structural factors that have led to the increase in the MMR in the country, it is significantly working towards the achievement of the SDG Goal 3 to reduce the MMR by 2030 by 70 per 100,000 live births. Social model of health provides a holistic and distinctive definition and understanding of the health that would work beyond the limitations that is related to medical health model. In this model, health is realised from a broader perspective of human experiences and social structures that provides implications fro professional practice (Greene, 2015). The key principles for professional practice would involve addressing of broader social determinants, reduction of social inequalities, empowerment of community and individuals, equal access to healthcare achieved through collaboration (Bircher Kuruvilla, 2014)). To get better birth outcomes and reduction in MMRs, MENA region has adopted a unique intervention is the economic inclusion and gender equality. There have also increased the quality of healthcare with increase in community building that provides the best quality of care in obstetrics and gynaecology in pregnancy complications (Liu et al., 2015). This intervention shows that the country is progressing towards the achievement of SDG goal 3 target of reducing the MMRs to 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. The recommendations include the empowerment of the women through education, reduction of the gender inequality in employment and in providing the quality healthcare facilities in obstetrics and gynaecology departments (de Bernis et al., 2016). The country should also work towards economic growth, public spending on health, maternal nutrition and education. The interventions involving behavioural change and providing them information about pregnancy, related risk and arranging of skilled doctors and birth attendants during the labour and delivery (Souza et al., 2013). The prenatal counselling, nutritional interventions and skilled attendance at birth have would help the country to achieve its SDG Goal 3 (Soubeiga et al., 2014). If MENA region works towards the implementation of these successful interventions, it can achieve its goal of SDG and can improve the health of the country. References Al-Akra, M., Abdel-Qader, W., Billah, M. (2016). Internal auditing in the Middle East and North Africa: A literature review.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,26, 13-27. Bircher, J., Kuruvilla, S. (2014). Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: New opportunities for health care and public health.Journal of public health policy,35(3), 363-386. de Bernis, L., Kinney, M. V., Stones, W., ten Hoope-Bender, P., Vivio, D., Leisher, S. H., ... Franco, L. (2016). Stillbirths: ending preventable deaths by 2030.The Lancet,387(10019), 703-716. Gatti, R., Angel-Urdinola, D. F., Silva, J., Bodor, A. (2014).Striving for better jobs: the challenge of informality in the middle east and North Africa. World Bank Publications. Greene, K. (2015). 12 An Integrated Model of Health Disclosure Decision-Making1.Uncertainty, information management, and disclosure decisions: Theories and applications, 226. Guazzone, L. (Ed.). (2016).The Middle East in Global Change: The Politics and Economics of Interdependence versus Fragmentation. Springer. Hennekam, S., Tahssain?Gay, L., Syed, J. (2017). Contextualising diversity management in the Middle East and North Africa: a relational perspective.Human Resource Management Journal. Karam, C. M., Afiouni, F. (2014). Localizing women's experiences in academia: multilevel factors at play in the Arab Middle East and North Africa.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(4), 500-538. Kassebaum, N. J., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Coggeshall, M. S., Shackelford, K. A., Steiner, C., Heuton, K. R., ... Templin, T. (2014). Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 19902013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.The Lancet,384(9947), 980-1004. Kuruvilla, S., Bustreo, F., Kuo, T., Mishra, C. K., Taylor, K., Fogstad, H., ... Rasanathan, K. (2016). The Global strategy for womens, childrens and adolescents health (20162030): a roadmap based on evidence and country experience.Bull World Health Organ,94(5), 398-400. Liu, L., Oza, S., Hogan, D., Perin, J., Rudan, I., Lawn, J. E., ... Black, R. E. (2015). Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 200013, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis.The Lancet,385(9966), 430-440. Murray, C. J., Ortblad, K. F., Guinovart, C., Lim, S. S., Wolock, T. M., Roberts, D. A., ... Wang, H. (2014). Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 19902013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.The Lancet,384(9947), 1005-1070. Ncube, M., Anyanwu, J. C., Hausken, K. (2014). Inequality, economic growth and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).African Development Review,26(3), 435-453. Ordunez, P., Campbell, N. R. (2016). Beyond the opportunities of SDG 3: the risk for the NCDs agenda.The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology,4(1), 15-17. Pfstl, E., Kymlicka, W. (2015). Minority politics in the Middle East and North Africa: the prospects for transformative change.Ethnic and Racial Studies,38(14), 2489-2498. Say, L., Chou, D., Gemmill, A., Tunalp, ., Moller, A. B., Daniels, J., ... Alkema, L. (2014). Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis.The Lancet Global Health,2(6), e323-e333. Siddiqi, A., Stoppani, J., Anadon, L. D., Narayanamurti, V. (2016). Scientific Wealth in Middle East and North Africa: Productivity, Indigeneity, and Specialty in 19812013.PloS one,11(11), e0164500. Soubeiga, D., Gauvin, L., Hatem, M. A., Johri, M. (2014). Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,14(1), 129. Souza, J. P., Glmezoglu, A. M., Vogel, J., Carroli, G., Lumbiganon, P., Qureshi, Z., ... Neves, I. (2013). Moving beyond essential interventions for reduction of maternal mortality (the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health): a cross-sectional study.The Lancet,381(9879), 1747-1755. Wang, H., Liddell, C. A., Coates, M. M., Mooney, M. D., Levitz, C. E., Schumacher, A. E., ... Sandar, L. (2014). Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 19902013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.The Lancet,384(9947), 957-979.

Blue Neighbourhood by Troye Sivan free essay sample

Troye Sivan debuts his first full-length album, after already accumulating a hefty following on YouTube. There’s a reason artists keep coming back to colorsevery kind of artist. Blue, â€Å"the most human color† according to Regina Spektor, has all the human layers of complexity, representing sadness (the sad little blue emotion in Inside Out), and the norm (saying something came â€Å"out of the blue† is like saying something is an outlier to the mainstream, the everyday). Troye Sivan’s debut is like a painter’s palette, with every shade of blue laid bare. And we spend our time in the Neighbourhood indeed: the opening track of â€Å"Wild† is ecstatic, the anthem of a lucky hometown, while children’s choirs provide riff raff in the background. Sivan’s music feels personable, like his all-consuming loves could happen next door. It’s atmospheric, rich, best swallowed in one sitting. Sivan has a cinematic sadness that captures dreamy youth. We will write a custom essay sample on Blue Neighbourhood by Troye Sivan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Bite† is filled with tension, and all the feelings of vertigo when falling in love. Sivan communicates the vulnerability of placing your heart in another’s hand, and that feeling is reflected in â€Å"Fools,† a maxed-out celebration of sound with neon, rugged instrumentals, as Sivan struggles to resist bad boys who live on the street. â€Å"Heaven,† one of my favorites featuring Betty Who, really does feel like heaven, reaching, cloudy, climbing; Who’s voice, slender and tentative, is mesmerizing against Sivan’s. And â€Å"Suburbia† brings everything back to the things that makes a house a home, like Mama’s good eats and the history on these streets. The final track on the deluxe version, â€Å"Wild,† features Alessia Cara, bringing together pop’s brightest emerging voices together. Cara’s voice is beautifully rich, in a totally different way. Every song is part of this awning, reaching sound, out of which Sivan’s voice weaves in and out like a stream of consciousness. And while every song is some color blueif the color was a soundeach song is its own unique jewel, that creates a complete portrait of lovestruck, lustful youth. Sivan embraces a sensual, sensitive sound, even when it feels like young male artists are pressured to distance themselves as much as possible from femininity, as if it were degrading. The result is a fearless beauty. Sivan’s voice is so lush, so carefully sculpted that he can narrate anything. Emotions run high, over synths whose production value runs at the same level. Sivan’s sense of self is what makes the album work, like a collage of pastels, or a vividly gorgeous walk down memory lane. Looking toward the future, whatever he does next, it’s going to be magnificent. Looking back, we’ll miss this blue neighborhood.

Tobacco Dispute Settlements In The Wto Essays - Tobacco Control

Tobacco Dispute Settlements In The Wto Essays - Tobacco Control Tobacco Dispute Settlements In The Wto International Law Essay lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/international-law/tobacco-dispute-settlements-in-the-wtointernational-law-essay.php The focus of this article is the US decision to implement the Family Smoking Prevention Tobacco Control Act of 2009, which contains a provision that bans the sale or distribution of all flavored cigarettes except menthol. A birds eye view of the Family Smoking Prevention Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gives the impression that it is well intentioned. Keeping a close eye on tobacco product manufacturers seems like a good measure for society as a whole. However this legislation is deeply flawed. Furthermore it has far reaching implications for the Indonesian tobacco industry and for Indonesia as a whole. Now how does this affect Indonesia? The majority of cigarettes produced and exported by Indonesia contain clove, so the US has more or less banned Indonesian presence in the US tobacco industry. What is even more surprising is that the legislation contains no restriction on menthol cigarettes which directly benefits the local industry of the US where a high majority of cigarettes produced contain menthol. The name of Phillip Morris Inc. cannot go unmentioned in this regard considering the fact that they are the largest makers of menthol cigarettes and strongly support this bill , leading to this act being nicknamed as the Marlboro Monopoly Act of 2009. The main purpose of this article is to educate the readers about the current dispute in light of the GATT rules and regulations. It will focus not only on the Indonesian perspective but also on the US response to the Indonesian allegations. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURE Dispute settlement in the WTO occurs through the DSU (Dispute Settlement Unit) whereby a dispute settlement board (DSB) is set up which consists of a representative from both WTO members. The WTO dispute settlement mechanism is a 2 step process namely Consultation Panel Proceedings Indonesia can firstly exercise its rights under article 22 and 23 of the GATT and make its concerns known to the US authorities. The US will then have to abide by the WTO rules and under article 22 of the GATT, give sympathetic consideration, to the concerns of Indonesia and enter into consultations with them. The US is then bound by WTO laws to reply to a request for consultation within 10 days of receiving the request and start the consultation process within 30 days of the receipt. Consultations would take place in accordance with article 4 of the DSU. In the event the issue could not be resolved through consultation within 60 days of the receipt of the request, the complaining party may request the establishment of a panel and thus moving to the panel proceedings step. The complaining party may request a panel even within the 60 days if both parties agree that the dispute cannot be resolved through consultations (Art 4.7). The panel proceedings stage is based on a 2 tier structure (1) Panel & (2) Appellate Body. In this stage, as mentioned before, the complainant, in this case Indonesia, can ask the DSB to appoint a Dispute Resolution Panel which assists the DSB in making a decision. The panel then investigates the issue and is required to submit its final report to the DSB within 6 months. Firstly only the interim report is distributed to the parties and if none of the concerned parties have any comment on the report, the report is considered final. If any party feels the need to add something then their views are included in the report before finalizing and then submitted to the DSB for consideration and within 60 days would be adopted formally unless the DSB decides by consensus not to adopt the report or either party chooses to appeal against the report (Art 16.4). BREACH OF GATT Article 3 Article 3.4 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) agreement states that "The products of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of any other contracting party shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to like products of national origin in respect of all laws, regulations and requirements affecting their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use." According to Indonesia flavored cigarettes represent a "like" product manufactured in Indonesia and the U.S. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act restricts the sale or distribution of clove flavored cigarettes - made in Indonesia - but not the menthol flavored cigarettes manufactured in the U.S. As long as clove cigarettes and menthol cigarettes are considered to be

Disablement Models Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disablement Models Paper - Essay Example is/her environment meaning that impairments do not have to result in functional limitations and functional limitations do not have to result in disability. [1] [2] [3] NCMRR’s model expanded upon the Nagi model by including a specific component related to societal influences as contributors to disability. It defined disability as the limitation in performing tasks, activities, and roles to levels expected in personal and social contexts. The major difference between the Nagi and NCMRR disablement models is that the latter includes the concept of societal limitations as a distinct dimension of the disablement process. [1] [2] [3] Instead of explicit dimensions and the subsequent relationships between those dimensions as in the Nagi and NCMRR models, the ICF is a two-part model organized through more complex classification of health and health-related domains. In part 1 of the ICF model, the domains body functions and structures and activity and participation attempt to account for function at the levels of the body, individual, and society. Part 2 of the ICF model includes contextual factors that are particularly important because they address the significant impact of environment and personal factors on overall level of functioning and disability. [1] [2] [3] NCMRR and Nagi model require a similar setup in terms of the assets and liabilities. Since both NCMRR is just an expansion of Nagi, it focuses on a bigger scope. By comparison to ICF, its requirements are moderate while ICF requires heavy investment and recurring costs to analyze its complex procedures. Nagi’s model was being initially used for most patients as it was a trendsetter. Since NCMRR is similar to nagi’s model, people who have been using Nagi would be well acquainted with its implementation process and can handle it much more efficiently. The ICF model due to its complexity would require proper training and change in mindsets towards a much more modern approach. NCMRR is easy to use and

Democratic assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Democratic assessment - Essay Example However, in this particular article, we are going to lay emphasis on the democratic organization and structure of Canada and at the same time compare it to the various democracies globally. First and foremost Canada is a country situated in the North American continent. It is a vast nation which stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the pacific and further to the Arctic Ocean. 1Apparently, it is a federal parliamentary nation and at the same times a constitutional monarchy with the royal family as the head of the nation. On that note, the nation is founded on the following values: freedom, democracy, democratic leadership, human rights and finally the rule of law. 2However, the democracy in Canada has faced harsh criticism on the fact that it is termed as being less participatory on the part of representation following the politicians advocating for policies which serve their own interest as opposed the interest of the majority of the people. Despite all that, the government has tirel essly worked to restore the participation of the public through election. In addition to that, elections have provided a forum in which the people of a nation have control over the governing authorities and their policies.3 Apparently, elections have served as a vetting forum for the leaders. In addition to that, through elections people have been able to elect credible leaders for the various public administrative positions for instance the Member of Parliament in the case of Canada and therefore accountability in office has been boosted greatly since failure to deliver on office means one would not be reelected during the next election. 4Furthermore, elections give the people the authority to select the leader they feel will represent them fully in the government; address their grievance to the governing body. On the contrary, through referendum exercises the people have been able to approve the policies they regard in their best interest and at the same time disapprove some of th e policies formulated by the government that they view are unsuitable for the nation’s growth. In other words, elections have given the people power to select which policies to approve to law. 5For instance, in case the government of a nation needs to amend the constitution; which is the law of the country, they may require a majority vote of the citizens in a bid to approve and ensure the participation of the people in democracy of the nation. On a similar theme, people are also given the power to control the policy through the fact that they get to elect new officials during every election. On that note, the newly elected individuals come in with new ideas and policies which are aimed at improving the living standards of people. Consequently, the people are able to keep in check the activities of the government. Apparently, in Canada elections are held on several fronts in the government. 6On that note, there are the national, provincial, municipal and finally the territori al elections. Notably, the parliament of Canada consists of two major divisions; the House of Commons which contain three hundred and eight members and the senate which has one hundred and five appointees of the governor general with the aid of the prime minister. During

Body Image and Self-Awareness among Young Women Coursework

Body Image and Self-Awareness among Young Women - Coursework Example I plan to do this through using several somatic modalities, which include breath, movement, posture, and guided imagery. The motivation to participate in these workshops is to participate in a fashion show. Project MY WAY provides women with an opportunity to use all the resources they gained through being educated on somatic modalities. The participants will work towards a healthy self-image through education about nutrition, yoga, authentic movement, breath work, and being able to be apart of a creative vision. Finding out more about their strengths through their creations will provide them with proof of their potential. Doesn't everybody have an issue with his or her body Why is it that people are more likely to criticize their bodies versus compliment Why is our society so obsessed with the body yet at the same time so disconnected Although these questions may be perceived by many as rhetoric or absolutely abstract, they are as vital and up to date as one may think. The existing scholarly research from a range of disciplines convincingly demonstrates the issues raised in each of the queries directly relate to the most precious and essential asset of human being - health. Therefore, the recent explosion of public and scholarly attention toward the problems of self-esteem, body-image, and prevention and treatment of eating disorders is absolutely logical and unsurprising. The upward trend in eating disorders among teenagers, adolescents and adults in the US and other countries across the globe forced the researchers reconsider many traditional notions associated with etiology and treatment of disordered eating. Thus, statistics shows that during the 1970s - 1990s " the majority of individuals with eating disorders have been young, female, white, and from middle to upper-class families in Western countries and Japan. Girls with anorexia have traditionally been academically successful, first or second-born children and often work as dancers or athletes" (Halmi, 1997: 507). The traditional assumption that that indigence is the source of numerous eating disorders in girls from comfortably situated middle-class families seems poorly unjustified. Instead, the concepts of self-esteem and body-image emerged as the predominant factors associated with eating disorders in the related research. Self-esteem refers to an individual's mental perception of their personal qualities; it is one of the most frequently mentioned concepts in the psychological literature (James, 1890, cited in Rodewalt & Tragakis, 2003). The contention that low self-esteem is a distinct characteristic pertaining to eating disorders, including anorexia, has been confirmed by many credible studies. Schupak-Neuberg (1993), Rosen and Button (1993) employ various strategies and questionnaires to show that low self-esteem occurs very commonly in patients with eating disorders. Silverstone (1992) believes the evidence for this relationship is sufficient to consider low self-esteem a necessary prerequisite for disordered eating. The core features of low self-esteem - insecurity, excessive concern over weight, negative mood, feelings of inadequacy, negative

Gangs Of New York: The Irish Immigrants

Gangs Of New York: The Irish Immigrants Gangs of New York, directed by Martin Scorsese, depicts how waves of Irish immigrants that came to the United States were treated upon arrival. English and Dutch natives in New Yorks city of Five Points clearly showed that they were not in favor of the newcomers. Bill the Butcher took the case into extremes when he leads a gang of locals into a war with the Irish. Bill kills Priest Vallon, the leader of the Irish, and his son Amsterdam runs away. Years later, Amsterdam reappears and seeks revenge for his father. Gangs of New York a historical film which follows the adventures of a young Irish American man, is a tool that somewhat illustrates history during the time of immigration; important elements discussed in the text of Foners Give Me Liberty were not incorporated into the film. Gangs of New York starts in the year 1846, in which Amsterdams father, a Catholic Irish immigrant, sets out to battle the Protestants already in New York. Irish participation in the war occurred because they did not want Protestant teachings, which they were not in favor of, to be approved by government. After the gruesome scene where Amsterdams father is slain, the film is told from Amsterdams point of view. He describes what happens in the city of Five Points and how the citizens act. In Five Points, Amsterdam says that immigrants are not welcomed nor are they hired by any job. Irish immigrants came to the United States, particularly the in the north, because job opportunities were most abundant and the new arrivals would not have to compete with slave labor (Foner 319) Locals of Five Points did not accept any immigrant newcomers because they were following orders from Bill the Butcher, who seems as if he has total control of the city. Bill is working under William Boss Tweed, head of Tammany Hall. His way of fighting for control of the city is through boxing matches and lighting buildings on fire. Amsterdams point of view shapes the historical narrative in the film by describing what happened during the time period of the 1860s as well as telling the story of his life with his allies, who were also immigrants, and what he had gone through in order to take survive this period. One of Amsterdams allies later on in the film was the pickpocket Jenny Everdeane, a local of Five Points. He quickly falls for her, which had made an impact on the historical part of the film. When Martin Scorsese directed Gangs of New York, he altered history. She was a colleague of Bill the Butcher. In a scene where the two were alone, Amsterdam eventually finds out that she was working with Bill when he asks her where she got one of the several necklaces that were in her possession. His feelings for her dropped upon hearing the news. Martin Scorsese inserted a scene where there is love because he did not want the film to focus just on the historical account of the time period, but wanted to make the film appeal to the intended audience. During the time when Irish immigrants were fighting for their freedom, there probably were not any love affairs going on. Irish immigrants decided to come to the United States was because most of them were trying to escape the disaster that had str uck Ireland, which was the Great Famine during the years 1845-1851. In the actual time period, there were no serious love affections going on after immigration. Due to the films language and sensuality with Amsterdam and Everdeane, the intended audience of the film are high school students and above. The intended audience shapes the storyline and the historical account of the film because they are mature enough to handle some of the grotesque scenes and may be able to understand the storyline. By the time students take a U.S. History course in high school, they will probably cover the time period that Gangs of New York was set in. The high school U.S. History course consists of the beginnings of America up to the present day. In college, however, U.S. History is split into two- early and modern history. The college U.S. History does consist of the time period of the 1860s. After a thorough study of the course, students who watch Gangs of New York will be familiar with the topic of immigrants coming to the United States, although the high school course does not describe in detail the true intentions of the Europeans migration to the most powe rful country in the world. Although the producers of Gangs of New York may have taken a U.S. History course in high school or college, the connection they made with history was somewhat accurate, but skipped two major events that happened in the United States. In chapter 9 of Foners Give Me Liberty, the rise of immigration is discussed. According to Foner, immigrants from Ireland and Germany headed for northern states. Gangs of New York portrayed the Irish immigrants moving to New York accurately. However, the film did not what the Irish were going through after they came to the United States. Scorsese focused more on gang fights in the city rather than concentrating on the issue of the Irish. In the Foner text, the Irish were working low-wage jobs that native Americans avoided by all means. Irish were laborers when they moved to the United States. Labor was done not just by the Irish, but by blacks as well. Gangs of New York had scenes where some blacks were included, but they were not shown as slaves. They were shown briefly in the film being executed by Bill the Butcher, who hated everyone that was against his vision of having a Protestant America. The film was also correct for the racism that the Irish and the blacks went through. Chapter 11 of Foner describes racism, which was that that the white race, meaning the individuals that were born and raised in America, was superior to any other race. The film shows Bill the Butcher as a candidate for racism; he only wanted Protestantism to rule America as well as the thought that natives of the country were the most inferior compared to other cultures that existed in the United States. Racism, Irish immigration, and battles between Catholic and Protestants were important parts of history that affects the present day, however, Gangs of New York would not be recommended as a teaching tool for learning about the Irish-American historical experience during the mid-19th century United States. Although the film is entertaining, it omits certain events in history that students will eventually learn, such as the Civil War and how it affects the North and South. Slavery in New York was not included in the film, even though it had a few scenes that showed how blacks were mistreated. The films focus is mainly on an individual who wants revenge for the killing of his father. Amsterdams father himself was an immigrant to the United States and was eventually killed for his belief in Catholicism. Amsterdam was an American born Irish citizen who did not want to convert to Protestantism. Scenes which show Amsterdam and Everdeane having affection only serve as a distraction to the p erson who wants to learn about Irish immigration to the United States. The idea of Irish immigration is far more important than affection, as well as the labor that they had gone through in order to live among local Americans. Gangs of New York would be recommended for its entertainment, but not as a teaching tool.

Illusion and Delusion in Conrad’s Lord Jim : A Tale Essay -- Joseph Co

Don Quixote Rides Again: Illusion and Delusion in Conrad’s Lord Jim: A Tale â€Å"‘You are an incorrigible, hopeless Don Quixote. That’s what you are.’† (Conrad 1946b, 44) Fifteen-year-old Konrad Korzeniowski (Joseph Conrad) heard these admonitory words from the lips of his tutor, a Krakowian college student instructed by his maternal uncle (Tadeusz Bobrowski) to talk his nephew out of his eccentric desire to become a seaman. The link between young Conrad’s desire to become a sailor and the renowned knight of La Mancha is not a casual one. In his writings, Conrad generalises the particular case of his vocation for the sea by pointing to the reading of romances of adventure as the cause prompting young men to join the maritime profession. Thus, for instance, in the autobiographical work in which the words of dear tutor are quoted (A Personal Record) Conrad refers to Victor Hugo’s Toilers of the Sea as his â€Å"first introduction to the sea in literature.† (1946b, 72) In â€Å"Tales of the Sea† (1898) ––an earlier piece written at a period in which he was already engaged in the composition of Lord Jim: A Tale–– Conrad speaks of how Frederick Marryat and James Fenimore Cooper, the creators of sea fiction, â€Å"influenced so many lives and gave to so many the initial impulse towards a glorious or a useful career†. (1949, 56) Later essays like â€Å"Well Done† (1918) or â€Å"Geography and Some Explorers† (1924) highlight the role played by romances and books of exploration in triggering young men’s desire for a life of adventure at sea, Conrad’s included. In the latter he calls Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa, Tasman, Torres, Cook or Franklin â€Å"the first grown-up friends of my early boyhood† and states that their nautical feats were an inspiration for him. ... ...Facts! They demanded facts for him [Jim], as if facts could explain anything!† (Conrad 1946c, 29) This disavowal of the value of facts sounds is an anomalous one to hear coming from a third-person narrator which, traditionally, was supposed to occupy the objective position of a view from nowhere specifically. It is important to add that such a statement is made in Chapter 4, at the end of which the third-person narrator gives the floor to Marlow, a first-person narrator subjectively involved in the story he is telling. 11 Needless to comment on the connection between hepatic diseases and alcoholism. 12 It may be argued that the doctor’s irony and laughter are a sign of nervousness and a symptom of the loss of consistency of his self-representation as derived from a scientific practice whose solidity is equally eroded by the engineer’s atypical hallucinations.

Business Trip Brussels Essay

My flight to Stockholm would be late landing. The pilot told us that we were in a ‘stack’ of planes circling above the snow clouds that were giving Brussels its first taste of winter. Air traffic control had closed the runways for a short period at dawn, and the early morning flights from all around Europe were now being allocated new landing slots along with the long-haul jumbos from the Far East and the US. After a 20-minute delay, we descended bumpily through the clouds, and landed on a recently cleared runway. Even then there was a further ‘hold’ on a taxiway; we were told that the de-icing of the apron was being completed so that planes could proceed to their allocated stands and airbridges. All around the airport I could see the scurrying flashing beacons of the snow-clearing vehicles, the catering suppliers’ vans, the aviation fuel trucks, the baggage trailers, buses transporting crews and passengers, security police cars, and an assortment of other vehicles all going purposefully about their work. Brussels airport always looks busy, with over 10 million passengers a year, but this morning the complexity and scale of the operations were particularly evident. Finally, about an hour late, we pulled up to the gate, the engines were turned off, and we disembarked into an icy-cold airbridge, leaving behind a particularly untidy plane strewn with litter from a full cabin of restless passengers. We passed the team of cleaners and maintenance staff waiting just outside. They will have a hard time this morning; more mess to clear and probably less time than usual to do it, as the airline will want a quick turnaround to get back on to schedule,’ I commented to my colleagues. We could just hear the sounds of frantic activities going on below the plane: baggage and cargo being unloaded, catering vehicles arriving, fuel being loaded, and technicians checking over the engines and control surfaces. Everyone trying to get their work completed quickly and correctly, not least so that they could get back indoors out of the biting cold wind! From the airbridge we walked past the crowded seating areas, where plane-sized groups were gathering anxiously awaiting the signal from the gate staff to board their much delayed flights. Then on to the moving walkways, conveyed leisurely past other departure lounges, equally overfilled with passengers. Anxious to get ahead of the crowd, we took to a running pace past the rows of cafes, bars and shops, hoping to avoid the usual morning queue for Passport Control. I should have remembered the old saying ‘more haste, less speed’ because my next journey was to the First Aid room! I had apparently slipped on some spilt coffee that had not been cleaned up in the haste of the morning, and had fallen awkwardly, straining my ankle and breaking my duty-free brandy. ‘At least they would clean the floor after that,’ I thought, sadly. Suitably patched up, I hobbled with my colleagues and joined the long queue for Passport Control, and eventually through to Baggage Reclaim. Even with the excellent new baggage-handling systems in Brussels, the passengers usually get there first, but the accident had changed all that! Scanning the video screens, we found no reference to our flight arrival; the remaining bags from our flight had apparently already been removed from the carousel and were stored in an adjacent office. After a simple signing ceremony, we were reunited with our belongings, and hastened (slowly in my case) to the taxi rank. Our hopes of a quick ride to the city were dispelled when we saw the long queue in the icy wind, so we made our way to the station below, where a dedicated ‘City Express’ train departs every 20 minutes for the Gare de Nord and Gare Centrale. We just missed one! After a busy and successful day at our Brussels office, a taxi was called, and we were back at the airport in the thick of the evening rush hour. The departures check-in area is the upper floor of a vast new terminal extension, and is very orderly and well equipped. Facing you on entry from the taxi drop-off point is a huge electronic display which lists all departures scheduled for the next few hours and showing the appropriate check-in desk number for each flight. The speed of the check-in systems has been improved dramatically, so there was no queue at our desk, and the three of us were issued with boarding passes in only a couple of minutes. Our baggage sped away on conveyors down to the new sorting hall two storeys below. Brochures explain that the new terminal extension was designed to make it possible to go from check-in to final boarding in only 20 minutes, which has involved investment in a state-of-the-art automated baggage-handling system. On my last visit, following traffic delays on the way to the airport, I found that this system works, but I doubt that it would if everyone arrived only 20 minutes before departure! It is no wonder that they advise checking in one hour before; it also gives passengers much more time to spend money in the duty-free shops, restaurants and bars! By this time, my injured leg had swollen up and was throbbing painfully. This seemed to be a routine situation for the check-in staff, who arranged for a wheelchair and attendant to take me through Border Control and security checks. While my colleagues travelled down to the departures hall by escalator, I took the slower route by lift, meeting just outside the duty-free shops where the attendant left them to take care of me. We had some time to spare, so we replenished the brandy, bought some Belgian chocolates and headed for a cafe-bar. While Brussels is renowned for its excellent cuisine, we didn’t expect to find high standards of food in the quick-service environment of an airport, but we were wrong! The delicious aromas of freshly prepared food attracted our custom, and we weren’t disappointed. After a welcome glass of speciality raspberry-flavoured beer to round off the meal, we headed for the airline’s executive lounge. The view across the airfield was not promising! After a bright, crisp day, more snow-laden clouds had arrived and a chill wind cut across the tarmac. De-icing crews were working on the parked aircraft and others were treating the runways, taking quick action between the aircraft movements. Concerned that we might be delayed and miss our connection at Oslo, we checked with the staff at the airline’s flight information desk. After some phoning, they confirmed that, although there could be some delays, Oslo had arranged to hold connecting flights, as many passengers originated from Brussels. Their professional and friendly advice made us feel much more at ease, and they even offered to allow us to send fax or phone messages to our destination. They couldn’t have been more helpful. Announcements of the minor delays were made over the speaker system, but it wasn’t long before we were directed to the departure lounge and were preparing to board. Outside, around the aircraft in the gloom, the baggage trucks were pulling away and the giant push-off tractor was being connected up to the nose-wheel. Ten minutes later, we were at the end of the runway, ready for take-off. ‘Today must have been a very busy one for everyone involved in keeping the airport open,’ I thought, ‘but perhaps every day has its own challenges in such a complex operation. ’

buy custom Childrens Early Learning and Development essay

buy custom Children's Early Learning and Development essay Allowing time for play is the best thing that parents can do for the health of their children. Mixing imaginative, creative and active play makes a well balanced play diet; it is the best for their social and emotional development since every play has its own contribution to an all-round psychological progress. Instructional strategies are things that are arranged; designed by teachers to establish the teacher-student-and subject matter interaction, or any other combination of the three elements. French (2007) says that play is very beneficial in early childhood education; instructors view it as an essential means of enhancing all aspects of child development. Most people think that children playing are just having fun and enjoying themselves, but this is not the case. As a child plays, he/she learns about himself and what he can do. Through play, children develop problem solving skills, social and interpersonal skills. This paper discusses the importance of play as an instructive st rategy. One of the reason why instructors should involve play as one of their strategies is that it helps children in their vocabulary and linguistic development. This is instilled while singing with them or engaging them in activities that involve the use of rhyming words. According to experts, as quoted by originalplay.com, nurturing verbal language skills during the erly childhood years is exceptionally more important than teaching them phonetics and word-recognition. Talking to a child, as a parent, enables him/her pick up your language quickly. Singing songs, story-telling, engaging in talking and reciting poems enhances childrens language skills (Samuelson 2009). Secondly, it is the primary means for children exploring the world, investigating its properties and to build an understanding of how this world works. For instance, we may look at a group of children as they play in a block area. Using wooden unit bocks, they begin by stacking different shapes and sizes of blocks, one on top of the other. They use a rug as the surface and randomly place larger blocks on top of the smaller ones, rectangular on top of triangular, and place them haphazardly making the tower to fall quickly. Afterwards, one of them will come up with an idea; if they put on hats like the real construction workers the building may stand but not. So another one will come with a different idea; until one will finally come up with an idea that the small blocks seem to rest steadily on the bigger ones than otherwise. At long last, they make a stable tower and finally call the teacher joyfully to see their accomplishment (originalplay.com). Thirdly, it helps children develop self-esteem. It promotes joy; which is suitable for health and self-estteem. While playing, children interact among themselves. The ordinary things and tasks that children accomplish while playing boost their confidence if they succeed in them. This consequently raises their self esteem and the will of taking even more challenging tasks (Frankel 2010). Fourthly, imaginative play develops childrens potential by developing their creativity and imagination. For instance, role-play triggers childrens urge to develop new ideas such as giving voices to toys and inventing adventures. Through such play, the child begins to investigate facts and fiction, understand the world and develop a positive relationship between themselves and other people (Samuelson 2009). Lastly, through play the childs learning process is self-sustained on the basis of his own love of learning and engaging with life playfully. Play is not a fixed plan; one develops new methods and strategies to do things as they play. This increases the efficiency of the brain function. There are many benefits associated with using play as a learning method. However, most people think that children only play for fun. I think that instructors and teachers should employ it as one of the main methods of teaching due to its overwhelming benefits. Parents, also, should let children take lead in play. It can be immensely helpful for them as well as the kids. Buy custom Children's Early Learning and Development essay

Ethics in Business Essay

Ethics in Business Essay Free Online Research Papers The Dimensions of Justice, an article found in What’s Right and Wrong in Business by R. Gomez, is a detailed discussion on the three types of justice (called dimensions by the article title) that are found in all business environments. In the article, Gomez compares and contrasts the three, giving examples of each to prove his claims. Using this article, through the relationships that are made by Gomez, and using the examples that he makes, it is possible to discern and to draw a parallel between his account of what justice is, and that of Aristotle’s, using his discussions, given in his texts in Book V, of Nicomachean Ethics. To do this, we will first look at justice as accounted by Aristotle, and then define justice in accordance with Gomez, and finally we will compare and contrast these two articles to learn the true meanings of justice and, ultimately, discover if Gomez’s arguments are grounded in Aristotle’s ethical background pertaining to this to pic, and see if any significant differences arise in their explanations. Aristotle introduces the idea of justice by expressing that we must focus on three questions. He says â€Å"the questions we must examine about justice and injustice are these: what sorts of actions are they concerned with? What sort of mean is justice? What are the extremes between which justice is intermediate?† These appear to be the most important questions posed by Aristotle in light of this topic. But first, it is important to define justice according to Aristotle. He tries to first define justice as a state where we act justly and perform just actions, and wish what is just. Therefore injustice is a state where we act unjustly and perform unjust actions, and with what is to be an injustice. But these definitions, although they appear simple enough, do not fully describe what justice is, according to Aristotle, so we need to dig further. Aristotle argues that when we are talking about states of things, and what is defined in that state, there is a state opposite to this. For example, if I say that I am in a state of happiness, then I am feeling joy within myself. Since the state of happiness has a contrary state, unhappiness, then I would be feeling sad within myself. This rule also applies to justice. Using the definition above, we say that justice implies just actions. So, using this idea of opposites, injustice implies unjust actions. It is important to make this inference early on, to better understand the relation of the two states which are inherently different ideas. What kinds of actions does a just person perform to show the reason that he is in a state of justice? The just person will follow the laws of his own place in which he resides, including that of the city, state, and even country, given that those laws are considered just in and of themselves. What I mean by this is that laws are made and are focused on two main principles, according to Aristotle. The first of these is that they are created with the purpose of the benefit for all persons in society. The other possibility is that laws are made for the benefit of the lawgivers and those who are affiliated in the law being created. The first possibility is true in goodness, as justice is served in the design of the law being given, to benefit all people, and thus the just person will follow it, to give that law justice. However, if the just person notices rather keenly that the law that is being given is unjust, in that it benefits only the lawgivers instead of the population in g eneral, then this law is most likely unjust, and the just person will probably not follow it. However, if it is noticed by the just person that the lawgivers have put forth the law in order to benefit the population as a whole, even though the people do not notice this benefit, the just person will follow the law. For example, a law might be passed that says that if the lawgivers’ country is being attacked on its homeland by an opposing country, then a draft will be issued, requiring all men of age eighteen to twenty-one go into the military and bear arms and fight for the country, then this law is just, as it is for the good of all, including the lawgivers, even if the people do not believe that war is appropriate, or do not think that such young men should fight untrained in a war. As this law is attempting to preserve the country and those who live in it, it is a just law, and the just person will obey it. So it is clear what a just person would do in these situations. A just person is a lawful person. But what would an unjust person do? It is appropriate to say that, using the idea of opposites as stated earlier, an unjust person is an unlawful person, and would not follow the law, even if it is a just one. An unjust person would probably think of how the law could benefit him, rather than the population that surrounds him, which includes him and that person would be unjust in either following the law only with the intent to gain benefit from it by individuality, or even not follow the law at all. A just person would follow the just law, not seeking personal benefit, but that for all. In discussing the unjust person searching for personal benefit, it is safe to say that that person would be concerned with what can give that person an advantage over others, for that person’s personal profit. For example, a person might find a twenty dollar bill on the floor of a supermarket, and thinking only of himself, pocket the cash and walk away, thinking that he just profited from going into the supermarket in the first place, thereby causing an injustice. However, a just person would, after discovering the bill, would take it to the lost and found counter and give it to the person in charge, and a justice would be done, not to say what the person in charge of the lost and found counter would do with the cash, but the justice has been accomplished with the mere action of the person, who knows that he has done a good deed that will most likely benefit the person who lost the money. He did not seek personal gratification but did what a just person would naturally do. Most laws are designed to teach people to do actions that will appear virtuous, even if people do not think about it at first. For example, as Aristotle puts it, â€Å"of a brave person- for instance, not to leave the battle line, or to flee, or to throw away our weapons; of a temperate person- not to commit adultery or wanton aggression; of a mild person- not to strike or revile another; and similarly requires actions in accord with the other virtues, and prohibits actions in accord with the vices.† This explanation leads us to discern that the just person is the virtuous person, and the opposing argument reigns true as well, that the unjust person is the anti-virtuous person. Aristotle continues, making a large leap forward, but justifies his notion, that justice is the most superior, of all of the virtues. He is saying that justice can be considered a virtue, and it is supreme of all of them. He then launches forward, as if his leap wasn’t enough to keep us o n our toes, saying that â€Å"justice is complete virtue to the highest degree because it is the complete exercise of complete virtue.† He explains this by telling us that the person who just has all of the virtues and is, in fact, virtuous in and of himself. And the unjust person shows the opposite of what is considered as virtuous, that being his vice and this vice flows out from himself into others he is associated with as well. Aristotle says that there are two main types of justice in the political system, the first being the equal distribution of small honors and wealth. The second includes the modification of transactions, in which there are two parts to this: voluntary and involuntary transactions. Voluntary transactions would include the sale of property, loans made by two parties, donating money to a just cause. Involuntary transactions can include such things that might be just or unjust, such as robbery, treason to one’s own country, and imprisonment (but this crosses a fine line between justice and injustice, as it is sometimes difficult to justify the means by which a person is sent to prison). So, in the political system, as this is generally where laws and those lawgivers that make them come from (as most politicians), it is important to play the part of the just person, as this will affect all of the society that you deal with, sometimes even including the very country that you liv e in. Justice is intermediate, in Aristotle’s views, in that it the state of justice must benefit two parties equally, not unequally, for that would be an injustice. The equality must be related to something of importance and focused towards two parties or persons, groups, etc. Using this idea, the just person must be concerned with equality and the unjust with inequality. One other 1point that Aristotle points out is that â€Å"it is possible to do injustice without thereby being unjust.† What does he mean by this? How can a person perform an act of injustice, without being called unjust? Aristotle says that this statement is true of the politically just. He makes the distinction of what we mentioned earlier, that those who are just allowed the law to abide in their lives. The just person has the law in that person’s affairs. For example, a lawyer, who uses the appropriate laws on his side, is just, because his practice is solely based on the laws. But it is possible indeed that the just can commit an injustice, but still be just in essence of himself. For example, a person who steals from the IRS by lying on his taxes, but is not a thief. Aristotle talks about an interesting idea, that perhaps it is not always the actions by which a person is considered just or unjust, but maybe it is also the feelings that a person has toward s the actions that he makes. Also, Aristotle mentions that the ruler of a country who truly just does not make a substantial profit for himself, but for those he rules, because the ruler is proportionate and equal in his transactions. Aristotle says that justice is a mean, in that â€Å"the just person is said to do what is just in accord with his decision, distributing good things and bad, both between him and others and between others. He does not award too much of what is choice worthy of himself and too little to his neighbor (and the reverse to what is harmful), but awards what is proportionately equal, and he does the same in distributing between others.† Therefore, the just person is virtuous in himself and his actions, and through these actions and intentions, the means for the just person are realized most effectively. Now that we discussed in detail Aristotle’s views on justice and injustice, it is time to take a shift of focus and look at R. Gomez’s ideas pertaining to the dimensions of justice of that which he explains in detail in the article. Gomez first tells us his definition of justice, that being â€Å"that which is due.† He explains that there is another common definition of justice that is understood by most. This definition is simply understood, using three kinds of justice (which he calls the dimensions of justice). These include commutative justice, distributive justice, and general or legal justice. Gomez discusses each in light of a business perspective. Firstly, Gomez wants to tell us of the relationship between the three kinds of justice. He says that every human is subject to these three types, in that they govern that human’s daily life. He says that to determine the importance of each of these justices, one must look at that human’s life with other people. As the idea of justice directly correlates with that of another individual, another human being. Commutative justice is the justice of contracts. For example, one party wants something of another party, and that other party wants to make sure it is receiving something equal in return for what it was that the first party desires. So, a binding agreement is made to assure that each gets what is equally deserved. The contract might be a â€Å"hard, carbon copy,† or it might be a verbal one. This is justice because, as Aristotle puts it, the truly just person desires equality, as the unjust person wants inequality or some profit for himself that is unequal to another. The just person seeks no profit for himself (as that would make him greedy and non-virtuous), but seeks equality for all parties. Gomez tells us about three types of demands that a business person would have to face in the commutative justice perspective. The first of these is demands towards suppliers, â€Å"meeting the agreed price for the money, merchandise, or services obtained;† towards client s, â€Å"supplying the merchandise or rendering the services agreed upon at the set price, without defects, of the right quality;† and towards stockholders, â€Å"declaring dividends if any, â€Å" as well as transparent relations with stockholders and the clients. He expresses the importance of having the right quality in the items being exchanged or services being rendered. He says that there is usually a minimum standard for quality control that society maintains to keep the consumers happy. For example, food that is sold in the supermarket that is fresh, such as fresh fish and meat, must not be past the expiration date, as determined by the laws of society, or it will become bad meat or fish and cannot be sold, as the quality of these fresh goods has been compromised. And it is always more just and virtuous to keep the quality of an item or service well above the minimum standard, to keep the consumers and clients happy. Distributive justice is the justice of the distribution of benefits and burdens. This could include proper wages and salary for hired employees (and equal salaries for all employees who perform the same job), and tax deductions for donating to a just cause. Two examples Gomez gives are towards a company’s personnel, the people who work for that company. So anything relating to and concerning the company’s workers, such as fair wages, social security, and general costs for a sense of community within the company, such as pizza parties or promotions for good workers, must maintain good quality, and thus be the justice of the company. The other example he gives is towards those who are competing against the company; what is normal for fair and just competition between those companies. For example, in a political setting, when one runs for president, he is running against others who desire that particular position as well. There is a sense of competition here, and it is important to maintain justice within it- to compete fairly and justly and virtuously. After discussing the examples of distributive justice, Gomez says that this form of justice seems to be quite problematic. He says this because â€Å"there are at least two notions of a business enterprise: that of a corporation that contracts work in exchange for a salary; or that of a community of persons closely linked by a common task.† He enlightens us to what he means, saying that â€Å"both notions are not always equivalent to legal institutions, in the sense that a business enterprise, for example, may truly function as a community and yet maintain a salary structure. Conversely, it is possible for a cooperative not to function as a community. On the other hand, the existence of a salary structure does not always mean that human work is treated as a mere commodity.† Here, Gomez is trying to give an explanation to possibilities of conflicts within the distributive fo rm of justice. One practical example of this is the Salvation Army, as well as other entities of this nature. The Salvation Army does well in the community and provides a strong sense of community for those who experience its good works. There are still employees of the Salvation Army, and they are with a salary. So one must be careful when discussing the distributive aspect of justice, as there may be ethical dilemmas attached and one must spot these early on in order to maintain their sense of being just and noticing the possible justice or injustice of those organizations or entities. One other aspect of distributive justice that Gomez notices is that distributive justice includes the relations of businessmen with other businessmen who are competitors. It is important to make clear the ethical dilemmas caused by such a competition and to know what is just and unjust by each businessman’s actions and intentions. There are many cases of unfair competition, and once recognized, should be avoided, such as industrial espionage. This is where one business learns secrets about another competitor company through someone who works within that competitor company and uses those secrets to make the company more competitive. This, obviously, is unethical and unjust, as it utilizes unfair competitiveness (and sometimes even illegal situations arise) and should not be tolerated, as the unjust would do this. Another example pertains to state law in Idaho. This law says that any person who desires a job can, in effect, take over someone else’s job, and declare that he will work less than that employee, so for example if the employee at a job is working ten dollars an hour, and minimum wage is seven, then someone else can come in and declare they want to work for eight dollars an hour and get that job, thus the person who was working would lose it. This is a blatant example of an unethical and unjust law, as well as an unjust practice and unethical business enterp rise. According to Gomez, there are two forms of legal justice. The first is towards the state as a legal institution which represents the community, through the fulfillment of the laws and regulations of that state, and secondly, through the just payment of what is due, called taxes. So, according to Gomez, one who pays his taxes and obeys the laws and regulations of where he lives is being just, and one who does not is unjust. One can recognize why it is important to pay taxes, if one focuses closely enough on the act of paying them, and the consequences of such, pertaining to good consequences, such as better roads, fees paid for services rendered by the Army, Navy, Air Force, and other protectors of the United States as a country. It might, however, be more difficult to figure out why it is ethical to follow the laws of a given state if they do not appear to be just. It might be even more difficult when these laws pertain to businesses and the services they provide. But to determ ine which law is justly followed, and which law is unjust to mankind is in the hands of the lawyers. It is the business’s job to figure out how to follow the laws of the state most properly, so they do not become unjust and lose their population of consumers and clients. Now that we examined both Aristotle’s and Gomez’s views on justice and injustice, it is time to discern if there are any significant similarities or differences between the two, and how these comparisons relate to the topic of justice as a whole. It appears evident that Gomez’s ideas on justice are rooted deeply in the foundation that Aristotle makes about the subject. Aristotle says that justice is the highest of all the virtues and for one to be truly just, one must be truly virtuous, and it seems that Gomez upholds this idea as well, as an important characteristic of what a just and ethical business environment should consist of. Aristotle says that â€Å"justice is the only virtue that seems to be another person’s good because it is related to another; for it does what benefits another, either the ruler or the fellow member of the community [or business].† And this benefit for another often leads to a benefit for all of society. And in the business world, if all companies are flourishing in their justness, this flows to the goodness of all who are involved in those companies, and a just goodness to all of society. One other relationship that is noticed between Aristotle and Gomez is the idea that not all laws are just ones. Aristotle says clearly that the laws will benefit either the common good for which the laws concern, or those who are in control. Gomez agrees with Aristotle’s remark, stating that â€Å"the sphere of duties of justice (ethics) however, does not always coincide with the sphere of juridical obligations (law). There are mainly two reasons for this: because not everything that has to do with justice is covered in the civil laws, and because some civil laws can be unjust.† After making this statement, Gomez concludes that â€Å"the ethical behavior of the businessman can take three forms: the ethical corresponds to what is legal; the ethical goes over and beyond what is legal; and the ethical stand does not follow what is legal, or even resists it.† The idea that both Aristotle and Gomez are trying to express is that is it justice or injustice to d isobey a law if that law in and of itself is an unjust law? In the business perspective, it is appropriate to follow all laws, unless they are clearly bent towards those in control, that being the lawgiver. Aristotle agrees, in that, as we made the connection earlier, one who is just as lawful, and one that is unjust is unlawful. Both Aristotle and Gomez acknowledge the notion of distributive justice, and that this form of justice requires equalities between two parties. Aristotle says that equality requires two things to be called equal in comparison to themselves. And this is important in the business industry when forming relations with one business to another. Another idea pertaining to this is the just worth of what goods or services are being offered. For example, should a person who is the secretary of business be paid the same salary as one who is the vice president of the business? Should the janitor of a company be paid equal to the sales associate or marketing associate of that company? No, because that would be an injustice of different levels of services rendered. If the same service was being offered, then, yes, there should be an equality of pay. But if one service is measured next to another, and one is more important, or more critical for the business to survive, then it would be just to pay one person over another’s a higher wage, for the services that that person offers are different and more important to that business, and those services are unequal to that of certain other employees in that business. Gomez supports Aristotle’s claim clearly, asking the question â€Å"Is it just to pay the same salary to two individuals who actually do not have the same output? Is it just to hire the services of personnel on a contractual basis so as not to give fixed work?† These ideas are a real conundrum in the business industry. The answer, to say it simply, is that it is not just to do these things, according to both Aristotle and Gomez. R. Gomez’s account of justice and injustice, from his article The dimensions of justice, in the book What’s Right and Wrong in Business, does not differ significantly from Aristotle’s account of justice in Book V of his Nicomachean Ethics. It only may differ slightly in terminology. The main difference, if any (and if it is that important to note) is that Gomez’s discussion is based on the justice and injustice of businesses, as Aristotle’s justice and injustice explanations are based on the foundations of such topics. These two men hold the same positions as to what justice and injustice are, and perhaps approach the topic from slightly different angles, but say the same things, that those who are just are lawful in their actions and uphold the virtues, and focus on the qualities of all equal services. The unjust person is the opposite of the just one, in that he focuses on himself more than others, and does not possess some or all of the virtu es necessary to be properly justified in society. Both Aristotle and Gomez agree that justice implies that which is due between more than one person, usually between two entities, whether they be two friends or acquaintances, or two business partners, or even two or more competitive companies. Aristotle believes that justice is supreme amongst the virtues, and in thinking about Gomez’s examples, for one to be just in the business environment, one must be virtuous. So it is very apparent that Gomez is well grounded in Aristotelian philosophy, that was most important to him in this article, discussing the fair justice of businesses, and although both Aristotle and Gomez may be approaching the subject from different angles and viewpoints, the overall outlook of the ideas of justice is the same in comparison. In closing, let us remember the most melodious words that Aristotle used when describing justice in light of virtue: â€Å"Justice often seems to be supreme among the virtues, and ‘neither the evening star nor the morning star is so marvelous,’ and [as] the proverb says, ‘And injustice, all virtue is summed up.’† Research Papers on Ethics in Business EssayRacism and InjusticeGlobal Distributive Justice is UtopianEssay on â€Å"I have a Dream† Dr KingProbation OfficersLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesCombating Human TraffickingEmmett Till BiographyDeontological Teleological TheoriesIntentism The Resurrection of the AuthorMr. Obama and Iran

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