Comparison of Thirty Seconds over Tokyo and Pearl Harbor Essay

Comparison of Thirty Seconds over Tokyo and Pearl Harbor - Essay Example While the themes and characters are similar in both movies, the manners of expression within the movies differ in numerous ways. There are also similarities and differences in visual aspects of the movie, aspects of production, camera shots and angles, and mise en scene. Although both of these films contain thematic content that has been the subject of numerous films, the writers, directors, and editors of â€Å"Thirty Seconds over Tokyo† and â€Å"Pearl Harbor† have managed to create films that are unique and were considered great films of their time. The cinematographer interprets and intensifies the elements of mise en scene and the lighting as they see fit to create the imagery according to the instruction of the director. The mise en scà ¨ne includes numerous aspects of the cinematic experience, including the scenery, movement and positioning of the actors, props, the background, the blocking, and the intensity of the lighting. The mise en scene in â€Å"Thirty Seconds over Tokyo† accurately depicts elements of the time with costumes and numerous elements as does â€Å"Pearl Harbor†. However, the mise en scene in â€Å"Thirty Seconds over Tokyo† is a bit more authentic, undoubtedly because the film was made during the 1940s when these elements were easily available and â€Å"Pearl Harbor† was made decades later. Despite these slight differences in the various elements of mise en scene, both films were able to accurately coordinate the various elements of mise en scene to present stunning, moving fi lms. The contrasts between the visual aspects of the movie, aspects of production, camera shots and angles, and mise en scene within both the films have allowed the directors to create stunning remakes of the same material that is both distinctive and original.

Leadership Study Essay Example for Free

Leadership Study Essay Question 1: What is your opinion of Gerry’s approach to evaluating the output of the new-product development group? While Gerry seems ready for fresh and new product ideas, his approach to evaluating ideas presented by Maria and the new-product development group is harsh and in my opinion put forth as disapproval vice constructive criticism. The team has been working hard and Gerry’s comments, â€Å"I get the impression that there is a lot of activity going on here, but it does not seem to be focused activity†, would make me defensive and rather than listening to Gerry, Maria is probably thinking about how to respond to the snide comments and feedback. Gerry could have been more tactful and should have been more supportive when turning down the teams ideas and putting Maria on the defensive. As a result, they are likely to interpret criticism as a personal attack on their self-worth.1 (DuBrin, 2013, p. 362) It would have been better in my opinion to say nothing or use tact in his approach and rather than criticize, he could have used it as a coaching opportunity and turned down Maria’s idea with constructive feedback. Question 2: Do you think that Maria is getting too sensitive to criticism? Gerry’s comments are not constructive but rather criticism so, no, I don’t think Maria is getting too sensitive to Gerry’s criticism. Garth Laidlaw pointed out that new-product development is a risky business and that 90 percent of new-product ideas never make it to the market shelves so Gerry should’ve expected some failures. I think Gerry should have come into the venture using what DuBrin calls a use loose-tight leadership style. Looseness refers to granting space for new ideas and exploration, whereas a tight approach means finally making a choice among the alternatives.2 (DuBrin, 2013, p. 365) Innovation is also enhanced when workers throughout the organization are able to purse absurd ideas without penalty for being wrong or for having wasted some resources.3 (DuBrin, 2013, p. 365) Question 3: How do constraints on creativity enter into this case? Gerry is not practicing transformational leadership and fostering an environment for change and innovation. The executive office sees a need for innovation, establishes a team and even places the team away from the corporate flag but I didn’t see Gerry having a clear vision or  providing any type of guidance on the types of goods or sector that the new product development group should focusing their talents. Information about establishing a climate for creativity can be divided into (1) leadership and managerial practices for enhancing creativity and (2) methods for managing creative workers.4 (DuBrin, 2013, p. 357) Gerry wants innovation and creativity, provided resources but his rigid leadership style would hinder creativity in any organization. One should provide excellent tools and resources, give creative people flexibility, turn down ideas gently, and employ creative people to manage and evaluate creati ve workers.5 (DuBrin, 2013, p. 366) The company seems focused on innovation for its own sake without a clear goal in mind, and Gerry is quick to criticize the ideas presented by the innovation team rather than recognizing opportunities in lemons. It takes a lot of lemons to make lemonade.

Techniques Tools Used To Market Tourism Jamaica Tourism Essay

Techniques Tools Used To Market Tourism Jamaica Tourism Essay This project will be detailing the different type tools and techniques used by the Jamaica tourist board in the marketing of tourism Jamaica. The techniques that are shown in this project are; advertising, special events, brand ambassadors-which represents the marketed product all over the world, trade shows and familiarization trips which has all been explained in the project. An analysis was also developed for these five (5) marketing tools showing strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities that they offer and the threats that are being made towards each marketing tool. It also introduces you to some international tourist boards/CVBs that could very well help Jamaica in the development of a destination marketing plan. Techniques/tools used to market tourism Jamaica When marketing a destination a number of steps are required, one is coming up with a strategy which includes the marketing tools. Marketing tools are there to make marketing a destination easier. One of the CVBs main objectives it to use these marketing tools to market a destination such as tourism Jamaica. These are five marketing tools used by the our CVB- Jamaica tourist board (JTB) to market Jamaica as a tourism destination; Advertising- Advertising is a marketing tool used by the Jamaica tourist board (JTB) to market tourism Jamaica. Advertising media such as magazines, online/internet, billboard and global advertising are some of the most popular ones used to persuade users, viewers and listeners to take action on products and services and ideas. Familiarisation trips- this is an event planning marketing program typically scheduled during low season times. Example: the convention and visitors bureaus (CVB) invited meeting planners for a two day program to learn more about its available hotels, conventions centres, restaurants and other services. Special Events- This is when events are planned and used by the Jamaica tourist board (JTB) as marketing tool. Brand ambassadors- A brand ambassador is a person who represents and sells a brand in a very direct way. They create a positive image of the brand and bring out good customer services. Trade shows-these are organized meetings held only per year generally over the course of a few days where members of a certain industry can exhibit their product and service. SWOT Analysis of Techniques The S.W.O.T analysis speaks about strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of each marketing tool. Strengths Weaknesses Advertising tool creates a brand name for the product. Increase/ upgrade facilities Trade shows enhances good will. A brand ambassador gives the company/product instant recognition. Advertising tool is costly Opportunities Threats Can be extended into more areas Cut Advertising rates The SWOT analysis was carried out to identify the key issues and successes in the marketing environment, to find out what is happening in the marketing industry both external and internal. The Value of a Tourism Marketing Plan Developing a tourism marketing plan is very important for a destination because it helps you to carefully analyse other competitors and to create a plan so that your tourism destination potentially makes it to the top 5 tourism destination. A tourism plan is needed before embarking on a major project to guide you through the processes of developing a tourism destination. The definition of tourism, which is what are the need for developing tourism and how it benefits the economy. Community support- Make sure that this community is onboard with the tourism thats being developed. Once you put the feelings of the people in the community first then they will later serve to identify potential problems. The legal environment-Make sure the laws and regulation of the country is considered in every marketing strategy. Here are three (3) processes in developing a tourism marketing plan; Goals- Define the goals that are to be achieved by the development of a marketing plan. This should include a clear and direct number of objectives. Marketed analysis- Five External organization that can assist a CVB The convention and Visitor beareau is responsible for encouraging tourists to visit and enjoy their destination; they encourage groups such as the JTB to use the marketing tools such as creating trade shows and special events. The CVB is also called a tourist commission and tourist and convention commission. Here are five external players which could the CVB in designing marketing a destination; Tourism Product Development Company (TPDCo) this company was designed for the enhancement and also the development of the tourism product. Cruise Jamaica (PAJ) This was built from the joining of the Port Authority of Jamaica and the royal Caribbean cruise lines (RCCL). Jamaica Hotel Tourist Association This was built for the promotion of the development of the hospitality industry and also the interests of its members in local, regional and international forums. Caribbean Tourism Organization- This was created to potentially increase the Caribbean has a choice of destination for travellers. Jamaica Information Service The Jamaica information service increases the knowledge of both locals and tourist about the policies and programs of the government by way of media. B. Two significance of the assistance These organizations will help to better publicise tourism Jamaica by putting their part in the marketing plan and to help develop new objectives and strategies which would make the destination marketing unique. Each organization plays a specific role in developing marketing plan for tourism destinations. Here are two (2) significance of the assistance of two of the players or organisation in helping the Jamaica tourist board in developing a destination marketing plan; The CTO will provide an important forum for those interested in developing, improving and promoting the Caribbean tourism product. This organization was designed to provide its members with the services and information needed for the development of tourism for the economy. It also provides the technical assistance and special support to other organizations in the marketing area. The JIS will provide your product or in this case your tourism destination with the proper advertising media and strategies that it needs to strive. This organization was created to provide information to locals and tourist about the new activities developed in Jamaica which will benefit the economy and any arising business or product development by a way of mass Medias, which are very popular in todays world. Recommendation or Conclusion Marketing provides an opportunity that a company or product such as tourism so that they can perform profitably. Without the planning of marketing developing and tourism destination would not be possible and/or successful in the modern world. Tourism is very interdependent and so the components of planning should be included in the developing of a destination for tourism attractions. Services in the hospitality industry depends on the employees and manager understanding the value of the customers, the cost of the product that is being offered should be economically structured and considerate to the customers welfare and the communication towards the customers should be at a good quality standard.

The Great Depression and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath :: John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath

The Great Depression and John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929, which may well be "the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system", few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression, as portrayed in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and tells what the government did to end the Depression. In the 1920's, after World War 1, danger signals were apparent that a great Depression was coming. A major cause of the Depression was that the pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldn't afford manufactured goods. While the factories were still manufacturing goods, Americans weren't able to afford them and the factories made no money (Drewry and O'connor 559). Another major cause related to farmers. Farmers weren't doing to well because they were producing more crops and farm products than could be sold at high prices. Therefore, they made a very small profit. This insufficient profit wouldn't allow the farmers to purchase new machinery and because of this they couldn't produce goods quick enough (Drewry and O'connor 559). A new plan was created called the installment plan. This plan was established because many Americans didn't have enough money to buy goods and services that were needed or wanted. The installment plan stated that people could buy products on credit and make monthly payments. The one major problem with this idea was that people soon found out that they couldn't afford to make the monthly payment(Drewry and O'connor 559). In 1929 the stock market crashed. Many Americans purchased stocks because they were certain of the economy. People started selling their stocks at a fast pace; over sixteen million stocks were sold! Numerous stock prices dropped to fraction of their value. Banks lost money from the stock market and from Americans who couldn't pay back loans. Many factories lost money and went out of business because of

Barney’s View of Our World

Barney’s (2007) shows on visiting the zoo as well as play reading were fantastic in that they revealed an extremely peaceful view of our world. As a matter of fact, the message of both of these shows was founded on the principle of friendship. Barney’s song in both shows, â€Å"I love you/ You love me/ We’re a happy family/ With a great big hug and a kiss from me to you/ Won’t you say you love me too? † is sensational not only because it focuses on family and love, but also for the reason that it does not leave any room for negativity in human relations.The children on Barney’s shows did not fight at all, neither did they try to beat others in various competitions. Rather, each child’s individuality was recognized and valued. Barney’s show on visiting the zoo expressed the child’s sense of curiosity in a wonderful way. The children had gone to the zoo for a trip of exploration. Moreover, the children were divided by age. Nevertheless, each child knew what was relevant for his or her age group. The younger children did not envy the older children because the latter were more knowledgeable; neither did the older children envy the cuteness of the younger.Rather, they all showed respect for the knowledge given them; and they cherished their togetherness. The show on play reading undoubtedly described reading as fun. Barney sang a song with the children: â€Å"Books are fun/ Books are great/ Let’s sit down with a book today. † All children danced and then sat with books through the song. The show also had a segment on art work. In this, all children drew and painted, without anybody trying to best the others through superior art.The theme of both shows was friendship with respect to learning. The message was: We learn best when we are with friends, when we are positive and happy rather than negative and BARNEY’S VIEW OF OUR WORLD Page # 2 sad. Furthermore, there is no tension of comp etition among Barney and his friends. He is a great group leader for the children, who follow him and love him absolutely.Although our culture is defined by competition, and violence rather than peace is on the news channel, Barney’s television shows remind us about our true universal values. Jesus comes to mind at this point, because he had said that adults must become like children before they can find their way to Heaven. In this way, Barney’s theme and message are totally applicable in our culture, seeing that most of us believe in Jesus’ words. Many children learn about competition very early in life. This competition is often sibling-related.In school, children may start competing for higher ranks. All the same, every individual would like the sense of humaneness whereby everybody is recognized for his or her own talents and skills. Such is the message of Barney, taking us back to perhaps the newborn stage of life when it really did not matter how better o r worse we were with respect to others. It may very well be that Jesus was talking about this newborn stage of life when he mentioned that we must become like children in order to find our way.It is obvious that Barney is not depicting our actual culture in the conditions we live through today. Rather, the show is reminding us about our true universal values – values that everybody forming a part of our culture believes in, unconsciously or consciously. BARNEY’S VIEW OF OUR WORLD Page # 3 References 1. Barney. (2007, March 5-6). Television. Nick Junior.

Free Printable Science Worksheets and Coloring Pages

Free Printable Science Worksheets and Coloring Pages Science is usually a high-interest topic for kids. Children love to know how and why things work, and science is part of everything around us, from animals to earthquakes, to our own bodies. Capitalize on your students interest in the hows and whys of the world with these  free printable science worksheets, activity pages, and coloring pages on a variety of science-themed topics. General Science Printables No matter what topic youre studying, its never too early to begin teaching children to document their science lab findings. Teach your child to make a hypothesis (an educated guess) about what he thinks the result of the experiment will be and why. Then, show him how to document the results with these  science report forms.   Even young children can draw or photo journal their scientific explorations.   Learn about the men and women behind todays science knowledge base. Use a basic  biography lesson plan  to learn about any scientist or  try these  Albert Einstein printables  to learn about one of the most famous scientists of all time. Spend some time exploring the tools of a scientists trade with your students. Learn about the  parts of a microscope  and how to care for one. Study some fascinating general science principles that we use every day - often without even realizing it -  such as how  magnets  work,  Newtons Laws of Motion, and what  simple machines  are. Earth and Space Science Printables Our earth, space, planets, and the stars are fascinating to students of all ages. Whether you have an astronomy buff or a budding meteorologist, the study of life on our planet - and in our universe - and how it all connects is a topic worth delving into with your students. Dig into  astronomy and space exploration  or enjoy a set of  solar system printables  with your future astronomer, astronaut, or backyard stargazer. Study the  weather  and natural disasters such as  earthquakes  or  volcanoes. Discuss with your children the types of scientists who study those fields such as meteorologists, seismologists, volcanologists, and geologists. Geologists also study rocks. Spend some time outdoors creating your own rock collection and some time indoors learning about them with free  rocks printables. Animal and Insect Printables Kids love learning more about the creatures they can find in their own back yard - or the local zoo or aquarium. Spring is a wonderful time to study creatures like  birds  and  bees.   Learn about the scientists who make a living studying them such as  lepidopterists and entomologists. Schedule a field trip to chat with a bee keeper or visit a butterfly garden.   Visit a zoo and learn about mammals such as  elephants  (pachyderms) and  reptiles  such as alligators and crocodiles. If your student is really fascinated by the reptiles, print off a  reptiles coloring book  for him to enjoy when you get home.   See if you can arrange to talk to a zookeeper about the different animals in the zoo. Its also fun to make a scavenger hunt of your trip by finding an animal from each continent or one for each letter of the alphabet. You may have a future paleontologist on your hands. In that case, visit a museum of natural history so that she can learn all about dinosaurs. Then, capitalize on that interest with a set of free  dinosaur printables. While youre studying animals and insects, discuss how the seasons -  spring,  summer,  fall, and winter  - affect them and their habitats. Oceanography Oceanography is the study of the oceans and the creatures that live there. Many children - and adults - are fascinated by the ocean because there is still a great deal of mystery surrounding it and its inhabitants. Many  of the animals who call the ocean their home are very unusual-looking. Learn about the mammals and fish that swim in the ocean, such as dolphins, whales, sharks, and seahorses. Study some of the other ocean-dwelling creatures, such as: CrabsJellyfishLobstersManateeOctopusSea TurtleStarfish You may even want to dig deeper and learn more about some of your favorites, like dolphins or seahorses. Take advantage of your childs fascination with science-themed topics by incorporating fun printables and hands-on learning activities into your science studies.   Updated by Kris Bales

Buy an original research proposal online

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Free Essays on Two American Heroes (Martin Luther King And Malcolm X)

and threats to make a difference, Martin Luther King Jr. used inspiration and suggested solutions. He encouraged peaceful non-violent demonstrations. â€Å"In the process gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds,† he cautioned. â€Å"Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred† (349). King also urged his race not to hate the white people, for there were many who fought the cause with them. â€Å"And the marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people,† he says, â€Å"for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny, and have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably ... Free Essays on Two American Heroes (Martin Luther King And Malcolm X) Free Essays on Two American Heroes (Martin Luther King And Malcolm X) Two American Heroes Whether black or white, when asked about the civil rights movement, two names immediately come into one’s mind; Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. These two men were icons for the movement and are still remembered today for their powerful speeches and unwavering belief. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two men with very different ideals, who tried to accomplish the same goal, to help their people achieve the dream of equality in a country torn by race. Martin Luther King Jr. was born into a middle-class home in Atlanta on January 15, 1929. He came from a respectable family; his father was a pastor and his mother a former school teacher. Martin was one of three children. King received his bachelor’s degree from Morehouse College in Atlanta. And later, after finishing his coursework at Boston University and studying at Harvard, he attained his doctorate (â€Å"Biography† 1-3). His excellent education was very evident in both his manner and his speeches. King demanded the same equal rights as all African-American activists, however whereas some, such as Malcolm X, used harsh words and threats to make a difference, Martin Luther King Jr. used inspiration and suggested solutions. He encouraged peaceful non-violent demonstrations. â€Å"In the process gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds,† he cautioned. â€Å"Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred† (349). King also urged his race not to hate the white people, for there were many who fought the cause with them. â€Å"And the marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people,† he says, â€Å"for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny, and have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably ...

Explain the progressive pathophysiology leading to a myocardial Case Study

Explain the progressive pathophysiology leading to a myocardial infarction (MI) - Case Study Example Right now, â€Å"[t]he current clinical recommendation is to test for homocysteine, CRP and lipoprotein(a) levels as an adjunct to established...criteria†¦In patients with borderline high risk, test for novel cardiac markers to help determine the aggressiveness of treatment strategies.†2 After diagnosis, the patient can then move on to the next stage, which is treatment. Treatment may include a wide range of therapies. Patients may have to enroll in cardiac rehabilitation, receive drug therapy, have a stint implanted in a vessel or vessels, or undergo bypass surgery. Medication management is important, and it is imperative that appropriate to have good assessment measures and nursing management. The failure of the left ventricle to pump blood is precipitated by the body having to work much harder to perform normal everyday functions—thus placing strain upon the heart. â€Å"Neurohormonal activation leads to remodeling of the left ventricle (LV), characterized by dilatation, hypertrophy, and a more spherical appearance of the chamber.†3 The symptoms showing that a myocardial infarction has occurred can be detected by experienced, trained medical professionals. Maintaining best practices in nursing can definitely aid a patient who has suffered a myocardial infarction. With a clear diagnosis and diagnostic data, doctors and nurses can best prescribe medications or provide medical assistance, respectively—assessment and nursing management being part of the overall care plan with regard to treating a patient with myocardial

Effective Communication through Handwriting Term Paper

Effective Communication through Handwriting - Term Paper Example Handwriting is known to enhance communication by way of recording messages. The messages, however, have to fall within the limits of proper grammar, spelling and punctuation. It is only through these aspects of writing that the messages will be communicated effectively (Hodge, 2012). It is, therefore, important to point out that handwriting is greatly influenced by related attitudes, skills, knowledge and abilities that arise in the course of writing. Handwriting Components Skills and abilities ensure that an individual can easily coordinate his/her eyes and hand. The writer is able to follow the outlined sequence of movement to develop the desired or rather the correct shapes of letters. The legibility of handwriting is also determined by skills and abilities. A positive attitude is necessary to encourage a learner as he or she goes through the writing processes. The willingness and desire to try out different styles of writing are important. This is what results in personal styles of handwriting. Through the handwriting knowledge, a learner will definitely appreciate the fact that messages are usually conveyed through print. It is apparent that handwriting is one of the various skills in the writing process. An interesting fact is that similar writing techniques can easily generate various handwriting styles. It is also worth noting that the type of audience and purpose of writing greatly affect the choice of writing style and layout alike. Handwriting Skills It takes time to develop handwriting skills. The learner gains control handwriting patterns after a rigorous period of practice, demonstration and application of relevant contexts. At this point, all the related processes become automatic and can be used to convey effective communication. Letter Formation This crucial stage involves talking about the names, features and sounds relating to the letters in question. The idea of practicing letter formation enhances letter recognition in addition to developin g motor and visual memories. These memories relate to the significant features of the respective letters. A learner is able to feel the formation of various letters just by looking and trying out the writing movement. This simple exercise helps fix the respective letter in the visual memory of a learner for future reference (Barbe, 1984). It is then that it can be identified and even reproduced. To form a letter, the leaner ought to consider the start and finishing points, strokes and the direction of motion. The other aspects to be considered are spacing, size, alignment, cursive style, slope, linking, writing speed and pen lifts. The proportionality of letter shapes is very important as it dictates the size of a letter. The relativity of height and width is easily maintained when the bodies, tails and heads are equally proportional. The purpose of writing and the overall size of the writing surface greatly influence the size of a letter.  

Impact of Rewards on Employee Motivation and Organisational Dissertation

Impact of Rewards on Employee Motivation and Organisational Performance - Dissertation Example This research will begin with the statement that majority of the studies on the links between reward, motivation and performance are conducted in Western organizational context, so additional studies in Middle Eastern settings are needed to determine differences and similarities across cultures.   There is also a gap in literature regarding the connection between Saudisation policies and private-firm human resource practices. This dissertation aims to identify the drivers of motivation for Saudi nationals in Banque Saudi Fransi (BSF), to assess the impacts of various financial and non-financial rewards on sustaining high motivational levels within varied categories of employees such as workers,   to understand the contribution of employees’ motivational levels on individual and organizational performance, and to examine if incentive preferences differ by duration of employment, age, educational attainment, gender, job type, and social class. The research used survey resear ch design and weighted average charts to analyze results. Findings showed that financial incentives significantly drive performance and motivation more than non-financial incentives, but non-financial incentives are still important to motivation. Saudi culture, duration of employment, job type and social class greatly affected motivation differences than other factors too, while future studies should consider how sector and organizational culture interact with national culture to shape motivation and performance.... Saudi culture, duration of employment, job type and social class greatly affected motivation differences than other factors too, while future studies should consider how sector and organisational culture interact with national culture to shape motivation and performance. Implications for Saudisation of workforce and recommendations to BSF and the government are provided. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I want to thank God for His blessings in my life. I dedicate this paper to our Creator who makes all things possible. Next, I thank my mother for her enduring support and my late father for being my running inspiration and for his guidance. I want to show appreciation to my supervisor for his help, support, and patientguidance. He has provided invaluable knowledge and assistance that enabled me to complete this dissertation. Finally, I would also like to express gratitude to the management and employees of Banque Saudi Fransi (BSF). They have opened both their doors and minds by particip ating in this research and they deserve heartfelt thanks. Table of Contents Impact of Financial and Non-financial Rewards on Employee Motivation and Organisational Performance of Saudi Nationals in i Banque Saudi Fransi (BSF) i DECLARATION 1 CERTIFICATION STATEMENT 2 ABSTRACT 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 Table of Contents 4 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES 8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 Saudisation and HR in the Middle East 9 1.2 Motivation and Performance 11 1.3 Incentives, Motivation, and Performance 11 1.3.1 Financial incentives and performance 12 1.3.2 Non-financial incentives and performance 13 1.4 Problem Statement 13 1.4.1 Banque Saudi Fransi (BSF) 13 1.5 Research questions, aims, and objectives 14 1.6 Summary 15 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE

How has the study of media and communications developed over the last Essay - 2

How has the study of media and communications developed over the last century - Essay Example According Elisa et al (1), many disciplines have contributed to the study and development of media and communications as well. The first work to be discussed is that done by Karl Marx. His influences on this discipline were less assertive. Notwithstanding, the works were very important and well known in the analysis of media and communication (Atton 51). The theory of Marx is inclined to give a strong emphasis on how media and communication leads to situations of status quo among individuals (Elisa et al 1). This is opposed to many scholars who say that media’s role in the society is to encourage people communicating freely. The fundamental characteristic of the Marxist theory is his point of view on â€Å"materialism†, where Marx insists that social being is a great determinant of individual’s awareness. According to his opinion, ideological perspectives of others are not correct on their claim that the social status of individuals determines directly their consciousness and awareness. The researchers view ideology as power of specific system to denote its own meanings as experienced (Ivan 78). Marx’s position on ideology is that the media offers a great persuasion on the people of different groups to embrace capitalism as a natural aspect to them. Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of Marxism in 1920s and brought in a new idea of hegemony. Hegemony is a scenario where power relationship is received and regarded natural or seen as a common sense. Hegemony for example would include lifestyle programs that cover a range of areas of domestic life as well as personal lives of individuals. This could further include programs like childrearing, dog training, clothing, cooking, among others (Emke 57). Chomsky and Herman found out that media has a way of manipulating populations such that they are prevented from being rebellious. They did achieve this by manufacturing consents and controlling the audiences’

Comment to Peer Response DQ1DA and DQ2 KD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comment to Peer Response DQ1DA and DQ2 KD - Essay Example When this other companies joined the cereal production the company realized a shortfall in its earnings with a drop of about 6% sales due to continued competitive pressures in the ready to eat cold cereal market, and the reduced sales. Customers have also faced a short based on the value and nutrition. This also creates competition to the companies due to deal-seeking on finding the largest market (Michaels, 2011). Addressing the issue of fresh entrants into this kind of market calls for critical managerial skills with critical analysis is the present market (White, 2008). The managers should anticipate the actions of others (Shubik, 2009). An increase in price by other companies especially top dogs will lead to the company also adjusting its market price. In the cereals industry General mills announced a price increase in the price by +4% on 25% to 33% of its products. Kellogg’s is likely to respond the same way. The strategies set to put the sales back on track will ensure the reinvestment into the business, with the lowering of the up-front cost of shares to 12 cents; the internal growth will be expected to rise with the general improvement in category trends such as product promotions to the outside world. This will ensure that the 4.5% fall in customer demand is raised for the company to begin making profit (Friedman,

University Fee Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

University Fee Control - Essay Example According to the essay findings  when the university fees are high, many families are unable to afford. Few people get the opportunity to pursue higher education and hence increased illiteracy while people like the youths, may resort to crimes as a means of sustaining their livelihood, and others get into drug abuse. There have been measures put in place and are assumed to be of help to the students, the measures such as increasing the students loan is really not of help since an increased loan would only make students indebted to the government .Setting up a price favorable to both the government and institutions will be of great significance to the organization and the economy.As the paper highlights  government intervention in the university fees is the only solution to the fee problems faced by students. It should, therefore, take stern measures in ensuring that students are not disadvantaged. Once this is done, students will enjoy the fruits of their labor upon graduating ra ther than paying for loans and getting jobs that pay salaries which are not equivalent to the money they spent on their education.  Despite the success, most of the group members tended to come late for the group discussion but we agreed amicably that no one will be late during the next debate. Regarding the contribution of team members, we gave marks of 9 out of 10.  This is because each group member handled the success of this group work and its completion.

How has the study of media and communications developed over the last Essay - 2

How has the study of media and communications developed over the last century - Essay Example According Elisa et al (1), many disciplines have contributed to the study and development of media and communications as well. The first work to be discussed is that done by Karl Marx. His influences on this discipline were less assertive. Notwithstanding, the works were very important and well known in the analysis of media and communication (Atton 51). The theory of Marx is inclined to give a strong emphasis on how media and communication leads to situations of status quo among individuals (Elisa et al 1). This is opposed to many scholars who say that media’s role in the society is to encourage people communicating freely. The fundamental characteristic of the Marxist theory is his point of view on â€Å"materialism†, where Marx insists that social being is a great determinant of individual’s awareness. According to his opinion, ideological perspectives of others are not correct on their claim that the social status of individuals determines directly their consciousness and awareness. The researchers view ideology as power of specific system to denote its own meanings as experienced (Ivan 78). Marx’s position on ideology is that the media offers a great persuasion on the people of different groups to embrace capitalism as a natural aspect to them. Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of Marxism in 1920s and brought in a new idea of hegemony. Hegemony is a scenario where power relationship is received and regarded natural or seen as a common sense. Hegemony for example would include lifestyle programs that cover a range of areas of domestic life as well as personal lives of individuals. This could further include programs like childrearing, dog training, clothing, cooking, among others (Emke 57). Chomsky and Herman found out that media has a way of manipulating populations such that they are prevented from being rebellious. They did achieve this by manufacturing consents and controlling the audiences’

University Fee Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

University Fee Control - Essay Example According to the essay findings  when the university fees are high, many families are unable to afford. Few people get the opportunity to pursue higher education and hence increased illiteracy while people like the youths, may resort to crimes as a means of sustaining their livelihood, and others get into drug abuse. There have been measures put in place and are assumed to be of help to the students, the measures such as increasing the students loan is really not of help since an increased loan would only make students indebted to the government .Setting up a price favorable to both the government and institutions will be of great significance to the organization and the economy.As the paper highlights  government intervention in the university fees is the only solution to the fee problems faced by students. It should, therefore, take stern measures in ensuring that students are not disadvantaged. Once this is done, students will enjoy the fruits of their labor upon graduating ra ther than paying for loans and getting jobs that pay salaries which are not equivalent to the money they spent on their education.  Despite the success, most of the group members tended to come late for the group discussion but we agreed amicably that no one will be late during the next debate. Regarding the contribution of team members, we gave marks of 9 out of 10.  This is because each group member handled the success of this group work and its completion.

Information technology Essay Example for Free

Information technology Essay Information means facts or knowledge provided or learned .OR it is Knowledge of communicating or receiving concerning a particular fact or circumstance, or rather, information is an answer to a question. I The concept that information is the message has different meaning. Technology means the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes .OR machinery developed from this. It is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of , techniques, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other l species ability to control and adapt to survive. Information technology (IT) means the use of computers and telecommunications for storing and sending informant. It is the application to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or several other enterprise.The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television,e-mail and telephones. Several factories are associated with information technology, such as , telecommunication, ,insulator and computer services etc. Advantages of Information Technology Information technology refers to the study and development of a support-management based, computerized information system. The development is mainly observed in the form of dedicated software applications and a number of hardware programs. The advantages of IT include work place cost-effectiveness and essential globalization. Information Technology or IT mainly deals with computer applications. The common work environment today is totally dependent on computers. This has led to the need to develop and consistently upgrade dedicated computer software like project management software, for a number of related requirements. These include storage and protection of content, processing and transmitting of dedicated information and the secured retrieval of information, when and as required. IT promotes computing technology,  covering everything from installing applications to developing databases. Why is Information Technology Important All our work related applications are now completely automated, thanks to the IT sector. IT professionals are people involved in essential management of sensitive data, exclusive computer networking and systems-engineering. The advancement of the IT sector has resulted in automated: * Administration of entire systems. * Production and manipulation of sensitive information. * Cultural development and communication. * Streamlining of business processes and timely upgrades. Advantages of IT †¢ Globalization True globalization has come about only via this automated system. The creation of one interdependent system helps us to share information and end linguistic barriers across the continents. The collapse of geographic boundaries has made the world a global village. The technology has not only made communication cheaper, but also possible much quicker and round the clock. The wonders of text messages, email and auto-response, backed by computer security applications, have opened up scope for direct communication. †¢ Cost-effective Computerized, internet business processes have made many businesses turn to the Internet for increased productivity, greater profitability, clutter free working conditions and global clientà ¨le. It is mainly due to the IT industry that business have been able to make their processes more streamlined, thereby becoming more cost-effective and consequently more profitable. People are able to operate their businesses 247, even from remote locations only due to the advent of information technology. †¢ Communication Quick and effective communication is vital to any business anywhere in the world. Information technology gives an entrepreneur or business the tools, like email, video conferencing, SMS, etc., essential to communicate efficiently and effectively. to the business world, and information technology gives your company the resources it needs to communicate quickly and effectively. Not only do people connect faster with the help of information technology, but they are also able to identify like-minded individuals and extend help, while strengthening ties. †¢ Storing and Protecting Information IT provides a low-cost business options to store and maintain information that may be important from a business or service point of view. Virtual vaults and other such security systems not only store vital data but also allow control over the access to such information. IT security systems will also protect virtual data from being hacked or wiped out in case of any technical failure. †¢ Creation of New Jobs One of the biggest advantage of IT has been the creation of a whole new field of opportunity for skilled personnel leading to new and interesting jobs. Hardware and software developers, computer programmers, web designers, system analyst, the list of new jobs created could go on. IT has also been attributed to be the major cause of surge in the economies of certain Third World nations too. Things that were once done manually or by hand have now become easier and faster due to the advent of a computing technology. Our world today has changed a great deal with the aid of IT which has penetrated almost every aspect of our daily lives and society, from leisure to business. IT has become a part of our day-to-day lives through the evident use of PCs, Internet, cell phones, faxes, the list would seem endless. Let us hope that newer development in the field of IT can provide benefits to our future generations, just as it has greatly benefited ours.

Tourism Sectors: Effects On The Dominican Republic

Tourism Sectors: Effects On The Dominican Republic I am trying to answer the following question of the extent to which tourism has had a positive effect on the development of Dominican Republics economy, environment, and cultural change. I decided to research tourism in the Dominican Republic because I traveled there last year in March with my graduating class. I stayed in Punta Cana at a beautiful all-inclusive resort. I had a wonderful time there and experienced the magnificent beaches as well as amazing hospitality. In this paper I will argue that tourism does not benefit the majority of people and in fact third world tourism can be measured up to colonialism. The tourism industry in the Dominican Republic has had a positive effect on economic development however in effect the environment and cultural changes are suffering. I will argue this by first looking at tourism as a developmental strategy and the increase of foreign tourism, which presents clear economic benefits. Secondly, I will demonstrate the environmental issues and threats to the ecosystem that have started to arise because of the great number of tourists. Thirdly, I will look at the cultural changes that have evolved such as the increase of prostitution and sex tourism. Background Information The Dominican Republic (DR), due to its spectacular beaches and landscape has developed along different parts of its territory that are mainly devoted to tourism. The Ministry of Tourism is responsible for ensuring the endorsement of tourism in the Dominican Republic and the agreement with the provisions of the Organic Law of Tourism.  [1]   According to the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic, there have been dramatic increases in foreign tourism. In 2010 alone there have been 4,135,480 tourists that arrived by air. 3,189,306 of which have been foreigners, most of which were from North America. Tourism revenue increased rapidly in the 1990s, more than doubling from 1992 to 1997, when it reached $2.1 billion. The Dominican Republic was one of six Caribbean countries that in 1992 earned more from tourism as a share of their exports than from any other sector.  [2]  Tourism in the Dominican Republic, as in other developing countries has an interplay of inequality with visitors from rich countries dropping in on the poor. The Caribbean is more tourism centered than any other part of the world. In some smaller islands, tourism threatens to become a new monocrop economy leaving countries dependent on tourists. Definition of Terms Tourism has been described as the new colonialism. As said by author Srisang,Tourism, especially Third World tourism, as it is practiced today, does not benefit the majority of people. Instead it exploits them, pollutes the environment, destroys the ecosystem, bastardizes the culture, and robs people of their traditional valuesIn other words, tourism epitomizes the present unjust world economic order where the few who control wealth and power dictate the terms. As such, tourism is little different from colonialism  [3]  The DR is seen as a prototype for enclave tourism, which means that they maximize economic benefits and limit social and environment impacts by concentrating investments and visitors to a small geographical area.  [4]  These all-inclusive resorts provide everything so there is no need to leave the resort complex. Connections to the Course This topic connects to the course in many ways. Firstly, the Dominican Republic has been getting help from the IMF and World Bank for years now. The World Bank created a commitment to tourism as a development strategy for developing economies. Secondly, we can look at Wallersteins world system theory, which is arranged according to influence: core (most dominant), to semi-periphery, to periphery (least dominant). The DR is a semi-periphery because it is industrialized third world nation but it lacks the power and economic dominance of the core nations. Thirdly, Andre Gunder Frank argued that rich colonial (metropolitan) powers acquired wealth through exploiting weaker (satellite) countries such as the DR. Finally, enclave tourism at the national level is frequently seen by the native population as a form of neo-colonialism.  [5]  Enclave guests are basically segregated from the local culture and from the local informal sector, which includes vendors, drug dealers and prostitutes. This inevitability creates a wall between the guests and the locals and the bigger issue is that it prevents economic benefits from these resorts to actually going back into the community.  [6]  A case study was done in Luperon, Dominican Republic, a small community with no prior experience with the tourism industry. The study found that the natural flaw of enclave tourism as a form of development in this area was that the management of the enclave resort wanted to reduce economic exchanges between tourists and local businesses in order to increase resort revenues.  [7]  There is an issue with the distribution of profits from these resorts because the local communities are not seeing any improvements. Tourism as a Developmental Strategy Although there are numerous tribulations with tourism in the DR, there have also been a lot of positive effects. In 2010, the Dominican economy showed a strong recovery by growing 7.5% during the first half of the year.  [8]  This is partly because of their trade exports such as cocoa, coffee, and tobacco but mostly because of tourism profits, which reached nearly US$3.2 billion in 2004.  [9]  Over the last four decades, the World Bank has had a strong commitment to tourism as a development strategy for many developing economies. In return, the Dominican economy has had a very dynamic growth largely dependent on tourism. Hotels drive most tourism and the all-inclusive appeal of everything being free along with attractions and activities as well as nightly entertainment. This increases the targeted audience to couples, families, teenagers and elders because there is something for everyone to do. The DR also has natural assets such as the climate, that is always warm and it rar ely rains which entices tourists. Also, the Dominicans tourism tax policy is important because it has one of the lowest taxes in the Caribbean, which allows them to get extra revenue from tourists.  [10]  We can see that the economy has increased and grown in many ways, however one cannot just focus on the economy. We must look at the environment and social impacts and analyze how they have been affected by tourism. Environmental Impacts The environment and sustainability can often be under looked when judging the success of tourism because the economic benefits are usually the first to be looked at. Despite the economic success the DR has had, it faces a series of problems related to its rapid growth. For example, insufficient supplies of clean water and electricity, combined with slow construction caused by shortages of materials that has forced some vacationers to leave early because of unsuitable living conditions. The Dominican Republic has environmental issues in the areas of deforestation, water supply, and soil erosion and as the eroding soil goes into the sea, it in effect damages the nations coral reefs. Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitors is greater than the environments ability to cope with this use, also known as carrying capacity. The UN sources report that as of 1993, the nation was losing 20,000 hectares per year of its forestlands largely because of business interests.  [11]  The destruction of trees was forbidden in 1967 to try and fix the harsh effects of the forest destruction. However, many farmers continue to cut trees secretly to make more land available for development. Water pollution is also an issue and it results from the effects of mining along with industrial and agricultural sources.  [12]   In addition there are endangered species in DR, some include the tundra falcon and three species of sea turtles. As a result of the rapid urbanization, the environment started to be greatly affected. Water resource management issues associated with tourism include, dumping of untreated wastewater and solid waste along the coast, overexploitation of groundwater, destruction of forest cover, and over fishing of coral reef and marine species. Sustainable development is what the country needs, which is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Social and Cultural Impacts There have also been impacts of tourism on the rural livelihoods of the Dominican locals. The impact has generally been good, with an increase of household income along with increased job satisfaction. The rapid and rigorous development of tourism also results in different and usually less favorable consequences than small-scale development. Cultural clashes may arise through economic inequality or job level frictions. The clear relative wealth of the tourists often leads to unfair exploitation on the hosts side. One might add to these concerns the danger that tourism may lead to the commercialization of human relations.  [13]  Tourism often fails in promoting mutual understanding among different nations and stereotypes prevail. The tourist-host relationship is often restricted by space and time constraints. Tourists often fail to respect local customs and moral values, either out of ignorance or carelessness. Also, the profitable sexual exploitation of children and young women h as matched up to the growth of tourism in many parts of the world. While tourism is not the cause of sexual exploitation, it provides easy access. Tourism also brings consumerism to many parts of the world, which before had no access to luxury services. The allure of this easy money has caused many young people, to trade their bodies in exchange for numerous different bits and pieces. Responsible Tourism We hear this term of being a responsible tourists quite a bit. What is meant by it is that we as tourists should respect the people who are working at the resort, be culturally aware and having a low-impact. The street vendors in the market are normally the last to see the financial rewards of the all-inclusive, mass in the DR so paying the tourists price is not so much a bad thing. We as tourists have the privileged attitude of being able to give something back directly to the people because we are in constant contact with them. In addition, it hardly needs saying that tourists should pick up litter, refrain from uprooting plants and coral, and use energy resources such as water and electricity efficiently, which are scarce in the DR. Conclusion After looking a great deal of articles and websites, I would have to say that tourism in the Dominican Republic has done more harm than good. In my opinion, the detrimental environmental and social impacts of third world tourism are more of a concern than economic benefits. There will always be a demand for tourism in the Dominican however if the supply of beautiful and clean beaches, water and local hospitality is not available then tourists will change their vacation plans. The implications of my findings are that, tourism and tourists impinge on the local environment and traditional customs of Dominican workers. This is important to realize because from knowing and understanding this we can move forward by changing our ways. Acting as a tourists should by not putting a strain on the environment and being more culturally tolerant. Just because we are on vacation does not mean our values should fly out the window. There are always implications to our behavior and it is time that we become responsible tourists. Britton, S.G. (1982) The political economy of tourism in the Third World Annals of Tourism Research 9: 331-38. Debbage, K.G. (1990) Oligopoly and the resort cycle in the Bahamas Annals of Tourism Research 17: 513-27. Dominican Republic Environment, Encyclopedia of the Nations [Online] [Accessed Febuary 15th 2011] Available: Freitag, T.G. 1994. Enclave tourism development: for whom the benefits roll? Annals of Tourism Research 21: 538-54 Kiskeye Alternativa. 1999. Tourism Development in the Dominican Republic: Growth, Costs, Benefits and Choices New Jersey, USA: Rutgers University. (http://kiskeya-alternative.org/publica/afuller/rd-tourism.html) [Meritas Lawyers]. 2010. Doing Business in Latin America and the Caribbean. Minneapolis, US: Meritas Meyer-Arendt, KJ., Sambrook, R.A. and Ker-math, B.M. (1992) Seaside resorts in the Dominican Republic: a typology Journal of Geography 91: 219-25 Srisang, K. 1991. Third World Tourism- The New Colonialism In Focus (Tourism Convern) 4:2-6

John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay -- Essays Papers

Of Mice and MenRough Draft In the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, there are many instances of foreshadowing. While they may not be noticed at first, they stick out like a sore thumb in the end. The main characters in the book are Lennie, a huge man with the mind of a young child, and George, a small man who had landed them a job on a ranch. Lennie is a man who doesn't think for himself, and relies on George for guidance. They travel together, forever chasing the dream of getting a piece of land to call their own. The ranch job would get them closer to buying their own little corner of the world. One major example was when Lennie got in a fight with Curley. "'Come on, ya big bastard. Get up on your feet.' He slashed at Lennie."(p.62) Candy warned George and Lennie when ...

Irish Literature And Rebellion Essay -- essays research papers

Irish Literature and Rebellion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the heart of every Irishman hides a poet, burning with nationalistic passion for his beloved Emerald Isle. It is this same passion, which for centuries, Great Britain has attempted to snuff out of the Catholics of Ireland with tyrannical policies and the hegemony of the Protestant religion. Catholics were treated like second-class citizens in their native home. Centuries of oppression churned in the hearts of the Irish and came to a boil in the writings and literature of the sons and daughters of Ireland. The Literary Renaissance of Ireland produced some of the greatest writers the world has seen. John O’Leary said it best, â€Å"literature must be national and nationalism must be literary† (Harmon, 65). Although there is an endless stream of profound poets and playwrights; John Synge, Lady Gregory, Oscar Wilde, etc., this paper’s primary focus is on William Butler Yeats and James Joyce, and their contributions during the Irish Literary Ren aissance and their perspectives on the â€Å"Irish Question.† They preserved the names of the heroes of the past and celebrated the Irish spirit through their writings so that the sacrifice of many would not be in vain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Butler Yeats was born in the Dublin suburb of Sandymont on June 13, 1865. Interestingly enough, his family was of the Protestant faith. He wasn’t much of an activist at first and didn’t really care all that much for schooling either, â€Å"because I found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my thoughts, I was difficult to teach† (DLB 19, 403). However, in 1886 he met John O’Leary, an old Fenian leader. O’Leary had been a Young Irelander and fought in the insurrection of 1849. He took Yeats under his wing and introduced him to the world of fenians and fenianism. His influence on Yeats’ writing is undeniable. Yeats began to write â€Å"in the way of [Sir Samuel] Ferguson and [James Clarence] Mangan† and evolve his nationalism and anti-English sentiment (O’Connor, 165). Yeats, like Ferguson, saw â€Å"literature in Irish was an essential part of the education of any Irishman and tri ed to make it so† (O’Connor, 150). He toured Ireland and established the National Literary Society. His greatest ambition was to unite Catholic Ireland and Protestant Ireland through national literature. He loved Ireland and the Irish... ...rs this to be â€Å"the real voice of the Irish middle class† (O’Connor, 161). Throughout â€Å"Ivy Day in the Committee Room,† we are introduced to a cast of characters who have been out shaking hands and kissing babies. They sit around and slowly warm themselves back to life by the small fire and sipping on stout. The discuss politics and life, each other, and the anniversary of the tragic loss Charles Stewart Parnell. The story ends with the reading of a poem written in memory of Parnell, which declares him the â€Å"Uncrowned King,† and concludes â€Å"The day that brings us Freedom’s reign. / And on that day may Erin well / Pledge in the cup she lifts to Joy / One grief – the memory of Parnell† (Joyce, 116). Through the words and verses of Yeats and Joyce and all the writers of the Irish Literary Renaissance, the memories of the brave have survived. The purpose of the their writing was to kindle the patriotic flame of the Irish and work towards a united Ireland. In the troubles of today, the memory of the sacrifices of yesterday are still strong within the culture and traditions of the Irish. Someday, their dream and the dream of so many who have gone before them will be recognized and achieved.

Employee Privacy Essay

Failure by employees to adhere to work ethics especially in the advent of Internet has led organizations to engage employee-monitoring activities. Where employees adhere to the professional code of conduct less challenges and problems in terms of bad conduct, scandals and conflicts are avoided in the work place. Security and Privacy have become synonymous with Internet use. Rarely can any one think of doing online transactions without first worrying about the twin issues of security, and privacy. Internet security is particularly a tricky and complex phenomenon because of the lack of universality in implementation of various security policies and acts. Secondly, the advent of Internet as well as its ever-rising relevancy and popularity has caught many stakeholders including governments, software companies as well as regulatory agencies by surprise. At first, few would imagine that Internet could be used negatively by employees. However, this has in recent times become a reality and employee abuse of office resources can authoritatively be termed as one of the most dangerous crimes facing organizations today. Finkin, 1995. Professionalism is the practical behavior portrayed in a place by both the employer and employee. Professionalism entails a number of characteristics key of which are the right focus towards the job, positive attitude and being goal oriented. Whether employee monitoring is professional behavior or not is very much debatable but definitely it is unfair for an employer to jump into secretly monitoring and surveying employees in the work place without their consent. Once employees notice that, they are under surveillance they are likely to become irritated and betrayed. As much as employers’ have a right to take all measures possible to cut down costs of production especially by minimizing wastage, this should be applied up to agreeable limits without infringing on personal freedom. Professionalism involves display of interest in the job, good communication skills, work etiquette, accountability and commitment to teamwork. If both the employer and employee adhere to professional conduct in their respective roles, incidences, which warrant surveillance, would significantly drop. In some instances, some employers rush into surveillance at the slightest provocation and sometimes the fear is not warranted at all. Majority of the organizations are rushing to install monitoring systems not because of security threats but rather because of technological evolution. S. Elizabeth, 1998. Their argument is valid bearing in mind that many organizations are keen to embrace modern information technology for the sake of public relations as opposed to warranted situations. Revolution in information technology has impacted on professionalism in that employers are more likely to overlook the professional aspect of a decision in favor of technological advantage, which comes with the kind of decision. Interestingly, many managers do not carry out studies to establish the employees’ attitudes towards such a decision before making those decisions. Privacy. Privacy can be defined as the personal interests touching on the individual’s right to personal space, whereby freedom from interference is guaranteed by the state or the organizations one works for. Hunt, 1984. Privacy of personal communication in the work place is jeopardized when an individual’s communications is tempered with, therefore curtailing the freedom of communication of the individual. The most common way this occurs in organizations is whereby the employer or management tracks and accesses employee communication otherwise not meant or directed to them. This occurs when employers use modern technology such as electronic surveillance to hack employees’ private information. A recent business survey on the extent of electronic surveillance in work places in US established a growing trend of employers in many corporate organizations using modern technologies to hack employees’ private information. This is alarming especially when it is coming in the wake of employee concerns about the advent of one being surveilled against their wish all day long. The prospect of gathering and sharing information amongst departments in organizations has made it easy to conduct business while at the same time cutting cost of communication dramatically. According to current research findings, it is approximated that most companies save up to 20 percent of operational costs by embracing modern technology. Finkin,1995. This is a significant amount of revenue considering that businesses exist to make profits by embracing effective and efficient technology. This leaves no doubt that effort to embrace information technology as long as it is applied in the right way is welcome. Despite the ranging debate on the right of employees to privacy, the employers seem to justify their action and every step of it. Before the advent of surveillance technology in the local organizations, the existence of employee theft especially in retail companies and in some key departments in organizations was a common occurrence. Finkin, 1995. Employers monitor employees for three major reasons; one legal liability, security, and productivity. All the three reasons put forward seem to be justifiable reasons but there is a need for legislation to govern the process for such legal framework lacks in most of the organizations. Majority of the big organizations in USA have adopted monitoring as way of ensuring security and not mainly for surveillance of employees. The latter is not a priority but employers cite it as a good deterrent to those employees who may want to misuse company property. Although the main purpose put forward for the introduction of the monitoring system was for the purposes of detecting crime, it is worthy mentioning that employers do use evidence garnered from the cctvs in apprehending workers for gross misconduct in the work place. McWhirter, 1989. In conclusion, it is not fair for an employee to oppose being monitored while he/she continues to act unprofessionally in the workplace. No employer will risk their business at the expense of employee privacy. It is therefore worthy noting that, depending on the situation, monitoring employees can be justified as long as it makes business sense.

Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis In Athletes Health And Social Care Essay

Spondylolysis is the loss of the structural unity of the vertebral pars interarticularis, whereas spondylolisthesis is associated with a bilateral spondylolysis and describes a comparative anterior interlingual rendition of one vertebral section relation to the following caudal section ( Herman et al. , 2003 ) . This essay will reexamine literature associating to the diagnosing and direction of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in jocks. To farther understand the diagnosing and direction of these conditions, the prevalence and cause of oncoming will be covered alongside the clinical presentation and imagination, and conservative and surgical direction.PrevalenceThe largest CT survey of the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis in the grownup population was conducted by Brooks et Al. ( 2010 ) . The 2555 topics, holding been referred for a CT scan including the lumbar spinal column, were indiscriminately selected. The inclusion standard was topics aged over 20 old ages and the ground fo r referral non being low back hurting. The consequences highlighted 8 % of instances of lumbar spondylolysis. There was a ratio of 1.5:1 male to female and no important differences between the ages. The survey, although big, was non ideal. The CT scans were originally taken for different grounds for referral and hence assorted axial piece thicknesses were used and some with and without contrast agents. They were besides interpreted by three different radiographers for this survey. Therefore the survey, although randomised, was non standardised. Rossi and Dragoni ( 2001 ) conducted a big retrospective survey including both genders between ages 15 and 27, referred with back hurting impacting their athletics, to find the incidence of the pars defects, utilizing skiagraphy, in diagnostic elite jocks. Plain radiogram showed that 13.9 % had spondylolysis, with a male to female ratio of 4.5:1, and 81 % of lesions were at L5. These figures are higher than consequences by Micheli and Wood ( 1995 ) , where 100 topics aged 21 old ages and over and 100 topics aged 12 to 18 old ages, who presented with low back hurting, were retrospectively indiscriminately selected. They found 5 % of the grownup population, over 21 old ages, had spondylolysis. This figure along with the consequences from the Rossi and Dragoni ( 2001 ) survey are both much lower than the age group in the Micheli and Wood ( 1995 ) survey where 47 % were diagnosed with spondylolysis. The size of the survey was acceptable but it was a retrospective survey utilizing differe nt imagination, including field radiogram, bone scanning, MRI and individual photon emanation computed imaging ( SPECT ) to diagnos spondylolysis, so was non standardised. Gregg et Al. ( 2009 ) conducted a retrospective survey to place variables including age, gender, injured periodm athletics engagement, oncoming of symptoms and the individual leg hyperextension trial, associated with active spondylolysis. 82 patients who were referred for SPECT with low back hurting were included, 31 % of them had active spondylolysis. The consequences showed that age and gender have a important association with spondylolysis, bespeaking that a male who is less than 20 old ages of age is 3.5 times more likely to hold a positive bone scan. There was no item in the survey as to who assessed the individual leg hyperextension trial or interpreted the SPECT so is non known if the assessors were blinded. The variables were non specific and lacked item, like degree of sport engagement doing it hard to separate between school physical and elect sports. This could be why the survey found no relation between spondylolysis and athletics. The writers suggest that male childs are more susceptible to pars defects as, during adolescence, they have a reduced degree of lumbar spinal column bone mineral denseness in the cortical bone, which is the chief constituent of the pars interarticularis. Besides there were more males take parting in higher speed athleticss with torsional burden, like cricket, than females ( 70-40 % ) . Rossi and Dragoni ( 2001 ) found that the athleticss with the highest figure of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis were plunging ( 40 % ) , wrestling, weight lifting, path and field, sailing, gymnastic exercises and football ( 16 % ) . These surveies demonstrate that the highest prevalence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are in adolescent jocks, particularly male.Clinical PresentationActivity related back hurting has been related to diagnostic spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis in jocks ( Rossi and Dragoni, 2001 ) . El Rassi et Al. ( 2005 ) reported that 40 % of the 57 pediatric association football participants with spondylolysis remembered maximal speed kicking to be a trigger of the back hurting. In jocks low back hurting is the chief symptom, but may radiate into the leg. This can be straight associated with the spondylolysis where an extraosseous hematoma and hydrops occur at the site of the early break, which can compact the traversing nervus root and cause radiculopathy ( Sairyo et al. , 2009 ) . Patients with advanced spondylolisthesis may show with an antalgic pace with a vertically orientated sacrum and perchance a seeable step-off at the lumbosacral junction ( Herman et al. , 2003 ) . Hyperextension of the lumbar spinal column may do hurting ( Hu et al. , 2008 ) . The diagnostic one legged hyperextension trial was studied by Masci et Al. ( 2006 ) . Masci et Al. ( 2006 ) suggested the trial is non sensitive due to the subjective nature and besides because the motion can set emphasis on constructions other than the pars interarticularis, such as the aspect articulations and posterior phonograph record. It is hence priceless in clinical pattern.ImaginationImaging is indispensable to do a true diagnosing of a spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis ( Rossi and Dragoni, 2001 ) and to find the phase of the lesion, from active and acute to chronic and inactive, to be able to urge suited direction ( Brooks et al. , 2010 ) . The survey antecedently mentioned by Rossi and Dragoni ( 2001 ) concluded with a recommendation to execute radiological scrutinies in diagnostic jocks considered high hazard of spondylolysis. This was a surprising decision as although the survey confirmed a high incidence of spondylolysis, they had stated earlier in the paper that the value would most likely addition with add-on of different imaging modes and this survey had no comparing group to be able to do this recommendation. In the big survey mentioned antecedently by Brooks et Al. ( 2010 ) utilizing computed imaging ( CT ) imagination in the grownup population, it was hard to find whether CT scans are the best imagination for spondylolysis due to a deficiency of a comparative group to find whether all defects present were really diagnosed. Gregory et Al. ( 2004 ) assessed the value of uniting SPECT, which assesses metabolic activity of the bone, with rearward gauntry computerised imaging ( rg-CT ) , supplying morphological information, to look into spondylolysis. Patients who presented with low back hurting related to activity and hurting on lumbar extension were investigated by planar bone scintigraphy and SPECT. Reverse gauntry CT scans were so performed in all those with a positive SPECT. One of the writers viewed the images which may do some prejudice, and reported the rg-CT without blinding to the consequence of the SPECT. There were countries of increased scintigraphic activity on SPECT in 67.8 % and spondylolysis was confirmed on rg-CT in 44.9 % . They concluded that SPECT should be the first line probe for spondylolysis. Reverse gauntry CT identified chronic lesions which did non hold scintigraphic activity, but the writers suggest that magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) would be a better follow up probe as it has more possible to name pathologies other than spondylolysis. MRI, SPECT and CT consequences of 72 persons of a average age of 16 old ages, with extension back hurting were studied by Campbell et Al. ( 2005 ) . Each patient was screened with CT, SPECT and MRI on the same twenty-four hours. The writers assessed each image mode, but were blinded to the consequences of the other image modes. Pars defects were detected in 23 patients with a sum of 40 defects. When comparing combined CT and SPECT with MRI, the latter right graded 29 of the 40 defects. MRI was able to observe acute complete defects and chronic established defects, but limited in naming stress reaction and uncomplete defects. They conclude that MRI can be used as the first line scrutiny for striplings with back hurting and CT to be used in patients with acute defects or stress reaction, even though it failed to place a figure of patients diagnosed with stress reaction. Conflicting decisions recommend SPECT and CT for naming spondylolysis, where MRI detected 80 % of the lesions found on SPECT, with CT holding the same consequence ( Masci et al. , 2006 ) . From these surveies, either SPECT or MRI is suggested to be the first line of imagination for spondylolysis and spondylolysthesis, with a possible follow up with CT for acute defects or stress reaction. SPECT is highly sensitive for early diagnosing of acute spondylolysis, but non good for chronic lesions. CT is non really good at separating between active and inactive lesions, but utile to observe spondylolytic defects, nevertheless has high radiation. MRI has no ionising radiation and can separate between stress reaction, active and inactive spondylolysis ( Campbell et al. , 2005 ) . Therefore subjective information about the continuance of the status may be utile to make up one's mind which mode would be suited as it is indispensable that early phase emphasis breaks are indentified fleetly so as to pull off to optimize the long term result Masci et al. , 2006 ) .Conservative ManagementThe purpose of direction is to accomplish a bony or hempen brotherhood of the pars interarticular is to assist extinguish motion across the pars defect ( Debnath et al. , 2009 ) . A survey by Iwamoto et Al. ( 2004 ) reviewed 104 athletic topics with low back hurting and diagnosed spondylolysis. The topics were managed with discontinuance of the exacerbating athleticss and application of an antilordotic brace. Individual preparation was initiated harmonizing to each sporting activity, but developing type was non indicated. They reported on the 40 topics that had to halt athletics due to trouble and reported that 35 ( 87.5 % ) returned to their original athletics in an norm of 5.4 months ( and every bit early as 1 month ) and could go on activities despite non brotherhood of the pars defect. It does non advert the other 64 topics who were ab initio included in the survey and it was non clear how the topics were followed up. Similar direction is reported in the article by Sairyo et Al. ( 2009 ) , mentioned antecedently. After halting athletics and utilizing a brace symptoms had disappeared and MRI consequences after 3-6 months showed normal signal strength in all seven topics who had spondylolytic radiculopathy. El Rassi et Al. ( 2005 ) conducted a retrospective survey of 57 kids, average age of 13 old ages, with spondylolysis, diagnosed with radiogram and, if questionable pars defect, SPECT. The inclusion was extended association football engagement, radiographic grounds and two twelvemonth follow up. The imagination were evaluated by the same writer which could take to bias. The intervention was an antilordotic thoracolumbosacral brace worn full clip for three months and surcease of athleticss activities for at least three months. When the patient became symptomless a rehabilitation programme was initiated, including abdominal strengthening, hamstring stretching and pelvic joust exercisings. There was an issue with conformity, likely due to the age of the topics. Out of the 57 topics, 33 had first-class consequences and returned to their original degree of athletics and 20 had good consequences ( minimum hurting with vigorous athletics ) . All 27 patients in the compliant group had first-c lass consequences. Patients who stopped athletics had the best consequences. Radiographic healing was shown in 18 of the 57 but there was no statistical difference between those who stopped athletics and those who continued. Of the 32 who stopped athletics, all returned to the same degree of drama. Of the 25 topics who did non halt athletics, 18 returned to play, but merely 2 at the same degree. A good randomised controlled prospective clinical test by O & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢Sullivan et Al. ( 1997 ) studied specific bracing exercisings in patients with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. This is one of the few surveies in this country to hold a control group and a blinded research worker. Those recruited had low back hurting for longer than three months and spondylolysis or spondylolysthesis, diagnosed with radiogram or CT. Measurements of hurting, map, lumbar spinal column and hip scope of motion and abdominal enlisting forms were taken. Patients had to finish a conformity signifier. The specific exercising group had a standardised protocol following specific guidelines on deep abdominal and multifidus preparation. They progressed to functional keeping places and walking. The control group was non specific at all. They were educated by changing practicians with general exercising, such as swimming, walking, gym work and supervised exercising programmes, but no informa tion about the exercisings advised was given. Some patients in the control group besides received massage, heat and ultrasound intervention. Following 10 hebdomads of intercession, they had postal follow up at 3, 6 and 30 months. The consequences showed a lessening in hurting strength and hurting form tonss and decrease in functional disablement degrees in the specific exercising group. The control group had no important difference. The 30 month follow up found the decrease in hurting was maintained. This survey is utile with instances of spondylolysis and spondylolysthesis one time the symptoms have been there for three months. It would be interesting to compare the specific exercising group with brace in the acute conditions. The retrospective survey by Seitsalo ( 1990 ) compared conservative and surgical direction of spondylolisthesis. The operative group included 77 patients who had undergone merger, utilizing posterior or posterolateral attack, followed by the usage of a girdle for four months. The conservative group had remainder, limitation of activities and bracing exercisings for the spinal and abdominal musculuss. At follow up, 25 % of the conservative group and 13 % of the operative group had occasional mild hurting. Sport was enjoyed by 43 % of the conservative group and 57 % of the operative group, although it does non stipulate what the degree of athletics was. From these surveies, the recommendation for conservative direction would be specific bracing exercisings and surcease of athletics until symptom free. The biggest job with this direction in this patient group is conformity.Surgical ManagementSurgical intervention is normally reserved for jocks with diagnostic spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis who have failed conservative intervention of at least six months or for skeletally immature patients with a faux pas of 50 % or more ( Radcliff et al. , 2009 ) . A survey including 22 immature jocks, average age 20 old ages, was conducted to measure the result and return to feature after surgical fix of spondylolysis ( Debnath et al. , 2003 ) . Bucks merger uses a prison guard to mend the pars defect and was used in 19 of the patients. The follow up used spinal stabilization exercisings started at six hebdomads and a cardiovascular programme at 12 hebdomads. The Scott technique involves puting a wire around the transverse procedure bilaterally and was used in 3 patients. A lumbosacral girdle was worn following this process and an exercising programme commenced at 12 hebdomads. It does non province why each method was used although subsequently in the survey it mentions that the two groups were dissimilar in the degree of the defect. The result demonstrated 94 % of the Bucks fix group returned to active athletics ( professional football, cricket, professional golf and hockey ) within seven months of surgery and none of the Scott technique grou p were able to return to feature. Meaningful decisions were unable to be made though due to the little sample size and the two groups being excessively dissimilar in the degree of the defect. Nozawa et Al. ( 2003 ) assessed the result of 20 jocks treated surgically with segmental wire arrested development, which was similar to the Scott technique. At a average period of 3.5 old ages follow up, cadaverous merger was achieved in all instances and all of the patients returned to feature, but at varying degrees. Diagnostic spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, which surveies demonstrate are more prevailing in the kid and stripling, can be a traumatic diagnosing for an jock ( Brooks et al. , 2010 ) . It is indispensable that the status is diagnosed fleetly with a thorough scrutiny, and referral for SPECT, CT or MRI is indispensable. Conservative direction is ever the first line of intervention, affecting surcease of athletics and specific stabilising exercisings. If the jock does non react to this intervention after six months, surgical direction should be undertaken ( Radcliff et al. , 2009 ) . In both cases it is likely that the jock would be able to return to feature albeit at varying degrees but it is still possible that they can go on at the same degree they participated in anterior to the status. A batch of the surveies were retrospective, non randomised and had no control. Better prospective, randomised, controlled surveies need to be undertaken. Future research would be utile in countr ies of bar and result. Prospective surveies affecting immature athletic groups with bing specific stabilization programmes would be valuable to see if these conditions could be avoided.

What Does a Rigorous High School Schedule Look Like?

We at frequently use the term â€Å"rigorous† to describe course loads and course schedules. That’s because rigorous studies in high school are something that admissions committees look for specifically during the application process. They want to know that applicants are capable of difficult, college-level work.    It’s not surprising then that we often hear from students asking, â€Å"How can I make sure my course load is challenging or rigorous enough?† If you’re wondering how to assess if your classes are up to snuff and how to choose a course load that’s challenging without being overwhelming, this post is for you. Rigorous is a vague term, but it can be more helpful to think of your course load as it compares to the course loads of other students at your high school. Admissions committees understand that not all high schools offer a full suite of challenging course options. While some have dozens of AP classes or an IB program to choose from, others have only college placement or honors tracks available. Luckily, you don’t need to worry too much about how many options are available at your high school, since this is out of your control. Instead, you need to focus on choosing the most challenging options available to you. You can think of a rigorous course load as the one that represents the most challenging track available at your high school. To learn more about how your classes will impact your college applications, check out our post Should I Take AP/IB/Honors Classes? . Being the most challenging track available, a rigorous course load can sometimes be a little overwhelming, especially at first. You should start by easing into a challenging course load. During ninth grade, select classes that are rigorous enough to challenge you, but not enough so as to overwhelm you. Think of 9th grade as a time to test the waters and see what you’re capable of. Remember, it is always easier and looks better to add another class or transfer to a more challenging section than it is to drop a class or move down to a less challenging one.    In addition, balance your course selections with reasonable extracurricular commitments. Focusing on two or three extracurriculars is ultimately enough, especially if you stick with them consistently and work your way up to leadership positions or increased responsibility. Dropping an extracurricular after 9th or 10th grade is no big deal if doing so means that you can keep your grades up and take on more challenging classes. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. Admissions committees generally want to see well-rounded students insofar as having completed four years of coursework in each core subject area. This includes English, history, math, science, and usually a foreign language. In fact, many colleges require that applicants have completed four years of coursework in each of these subject areas just to meet application prerequisites. In these core subject areas, you should strive to take the most challenging courses that you’re capable of doing well in, and your primary focus in studying and achieving should be in these core subject areas. Taking any additional classes is not necessary, but it does represent an opportunity.    Beyond the core subject areas, any elective classes that you take should reflect your interests. This is an opportunity to reinforce any potential career choices or college majors. Rather than worrying about taking especially challenging electives, think of them as a chance to explore and demonstrate your interests. Taking electives shows intellectual curiosity and might even allow you to discover a new interest. The balance between better grades and harder classes is always a delicate one. We hear from many students wanting to know if they should take a harder class and get a B, or an easier one and get an A. While there’s no universal answer that will impress every admissions committee, it’s important to know that admissions committees aren’t interested in easy A’s. In fact, a 4.0 GPA in regular college-placement classes may actually be a deterrent to some admissions committees who are looking for students who want to challenge themselves. In general, a good rule of thumb is that if you think you can achieve a B or higher in it, take the more difficult class. Admissions committees will appreciate that you have worked hard for that B, rather than pursuing a less rigorous track. Planning a rigorous track starts in 9th grade. To get off on the right foot, you should make a four-year plan. The simplest way to do this is by using backward design. Start with 12th grade—what classes do you need to be taking in 12th grade in order to get into the types of colleges you hope to attend? These classes are generally the highest level courses available at your school. They might be AP or IB classes if your school offers them, or they could simply be honors level classes if that’s all your school has available. Work backwards from 12th grade to ensure that your prerequisites are met each year. It is much easier to work backwards incrementally from your final 12th grade goal than it is to start with your ninth grade classes and try to imagine where they’ll take you. It’s a good idea to meet with a guidance counselor as you create your four-year plan. You’ll want to ensure that you’re meeting all graduation requirements and that it represents a course schedule that is rigorous as compared to others available at your school. Your guidance counselor will be able to lend some insight into which paths are commonly taken by students with the same goals as you. In addition, remember that the classes you enroll in aren’t the only way to impress admissions committees. You can also highlight your academic chops through options like independent studies, summer college courses, or online coursework. To learn more about these options, check out our post What To Do If Your High School Doesn’t Offer AP Classes . Lastly, if you’re looking for more personalized guidance through high school, consider the benefits of ’s Mentorship Program , which pairs each student 1:1 with a mentor from a top college who can help you develop the skills you’ll need for becoming a successful college student.